Motor Control - Theories Of Motor Control Flashcards
What is the top-down model?
-mind instructs the muscle
Feedback enables movement to be controlled and adjusted
What is information?
The content of a message that serves to reduce uncertainty.
Where does information come from?
- Environment via the senses
- Memory
Define motor programmes.
A motor programme is an abstract code or structure that, when executed, results in a movement.
(Human action controlled by stored commands)
List the stages of IP in order of how they happen.
- Stimulus
- Stimulus identification
- Response selection
- Response programming
- Response
- Output
Define Open loop control.
-A control system with pre-programmed instructions to an effector that does not use feedback information and error detection processes.
Define Closed loop control.
A control system that involves the use of feedback and the activity of error detection and correction processes to maintain the desired goal.
What does the executive do?
- Generates movement
- Issues commands
What does the effector do?
-Carries out movements (muscles/joints)
Which system does not use feedback during the movement?
Open loop system
What are the two major perspectives of motor control?
1.The cognitive/Traditional view
•Open/closed loop control
•Schema theory
2.The dynamic systems/ecological approach
Define GMPs.
A memory representation of a class of actions, responsible for producing a unique pattern of activity when it it executed.
What does a GMP do?
Controls a class of actions, rather than a specific movement
What is a Schema?
It is a rule/set of rules that serve to provide the basis for a decision.
What two components are involved in the learning and control of skills?
- Generalised motor programme.
2. Motor response Schema.
What are parameters?
Situation-specific characteristics
What is recall Schema?
Adds specific response characteristics to the motor programme and initiates the intended action.
What is recognition Schema?
Allows the performer to evaluate the correctness of the action comparing actual and expected feedback.
What is the role of feedback in closed loop?
Allows you to decide whether the movement is right or wrong; to get better; used for the next movement.
What kinds of movements fit into the closed loop system?
Slow movements
What is the role of feedback in the open loop system?
Feedback is either not needed or not used. Feedback can be used to plan next movement.
What kind of movements does open loop explain best?
Fast movements
List the stages of the traditional approach in order.
- Perceptual info
- Perception
- Interpretation
- Action
List the stages of Dynamics approach in order.
- Perceptual Info
- Perception
- Action
What are the key features of the Dynamic Systems approach?
- Constraints
- Self Organisation
- Patterns
- Stability
