Motor Control & Motor Learning (IFO Ch. 1-2 + Big Red Ch. 5)

Question 1

Complex motor program

Answer 1

Idea/plan for purposeful movement made up of several component motor programs

Question 2

Procedural memory

Answer 2

Recall of motor programs
- Initial movement conditions
- Sensory parameters
- Performance parameters
- Outcomes

Question 3

Lateral pathways

Answer 3

• Anterior corticospinal tract
• Lateral corticospinal tract
• Rubrospinal tract

Question 4

Ventromedial pathways

Answer 4

• Vestibulospinal tract
• Tectospinal tract
• Pontine and Medullary Reticulospinal tracts
• Neurons of the ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 5

Pyramidal tracts

Answer 5

• Corticospinal and Rubrospinal
• Carry descending info
• Cross over in medulla
• Voluntary movements of distal muscles

Question 6

Extrapyramidal tracts

Answer 6

• Ventromedial pathways (vestibulospinal, tectospinal, reticulospinal)
• Bounce around and make a ton of stops in the brain
• Postural control and locomotion

Question 7

Upper Motor Neuron

Answer 7

Carries impulses (motor programs) from the brain

Question 8

Lower Motor Neuron

Answer 8

• Anterior gray horn
• Receives info from UMN and commands skeletal muscles to generate output

Question 9

Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 9

• Documents level of consciousness in acute brain injury
• Focuses on eye opening, motor response, and verbal response
• 8 or less = severe brain injury and coma
• 9-12 = moderate brain injury
• 13-15 = mild brain injury

Question 10

RLA - LOCF

Answer 10

• Examines return to consciousness and brain injury
• 8 levels

Question 11

Attention

Answer 11

Directing consciousness to person, thing, perception, or thought.

Question 12

Selective attention

Answer 12

Ability to screen/process relevant sensory info about task and environment.

Question 13

Sustained attention

Answer 13

Ability to maintain attention on a task

Question 14

Alternating attention

Answer 14

Ability to alternate attention between tasks

Question 15

Divided attention

Answer 15

Ability to perform 2 tasks at once

Question 16

Declarative memory

Answer 16

Conscious recall of memories

Question 17

Motor memory

Answer 17

Recall of motor programs

Question 18

Immediate memory

Answer 18

Recall info after a few seconds

Question 19

Short term memory

Answer 19

Recall of day-to-day events

Question 20

Long term memory

Answer 20

Recall of facts

Question 21

How to test memory?

Answer 21

Mini-mental exam

Question 22

Amnesia

Answer 22

Transient memory loss

Question 23

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 23

Inability to learn new info after injury

Question 24

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 24

Inability to recall learning before injury

Question 25

Delirium

Answer 25

• Acute confusion
• No short term memory
• confused
• Agitated
• Disoriented
• Hallucinations

Question 26

Dementia

Answer 26

Broad memory and learning impairments

Question 27

Dysarthria

Answer 27

Difficulty with articulation

Question 28

Fluent aphasia

Answer 28

• Speech flows smoothly but contains errors
• Comprehension issue
• Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 29

Nonfluent aphasia

Answer 29

• Speech is broken with limited vocab
• Motor/speech production issue
• Broca’s aphasia

Question 30

Global aphasia

Answer 30

Impairments in both production and comprehension of speech.