Motor Control, Motor Learning, and Applicable Theories Flashcards
What is movement?
“Movement is a product of the contributions of many systems working together within their own maturation level to produce movement tailored for that particular individual at that particular time, within that unique environment, to perform a specific task
What are the three drivers of movement (or behavior)?
Individual, Task, and Environment
What is the field of motor control?
Directed at the study of movement as the result of a complex set of neurological, physical, and behavioral processes.
Examples of tasks grouped according to functional categories…
Bed mobility tasks
Transfer tasks
Walking and ADLs
What is a discrete task?
Has a beginning and and an end
What is a continuous task?
End point is not inherent characteristic of task. Example (running)
What does a manipulation component to a task add to the performance?
Requires an increase in demand for stability.
What are open movements?
Performer adapts behavior within constantly changing environment.
What are closed movements?
Stable environment.
Example (weightlifting)
What is an environmental constraint on movement?
Size, shape, type, of an object or a surface to be walked on.
What is a non-regulatory movement constraint?
lighting in a room or noise. Movement doesnt have to conform to these
What are developmental theories?
The study of growth and development from conception to death.
Neural-Maturationist Theory
Motor development stages occur due to CNS maturation.
Top-down control
Limitations of Neural-Masturbation Theory
Presumes that reflexes still play a role in all movement.
Pediatric PT is based on this model.
What is the focus of cognitive theories?
Focus on advancement of the development of thinking.
CBT: (Pavlov/Skinner)
CDT: (Piaget)
Does CBT have stages?
No.
Development occurs through interaction with the environment.
What is C”D”T?
Development occurs as a result of sensory and motor interactions with environment at different stages.
First stages use reflexes and progress to voluntary actions.
Piaget’s Four Stages of Development
Piaget’s Four Stages of Development
What are the limitations of Cognitive Theories?
Interrelatedness of movement skill to cognition was not described.
What is motor learning theory?
Movement conditions, parameters of the motor program, outcome of the movement, and how the movement felt are stored in short-term memory until the following 2 schema can be extracted.
What is recall schema?
Movement conditions
Motor program parameters
What is recognition schema?
Knowledge of results
Sensory feedback from movement.
Cognitive stage of motor learning…
involves understanding the task, selecting a strategy, and constraining degrees of freedom to make the task easier. Characterized by large number of errors, but important to let patient be an active participant.
Associative stage of motor learning…
allows task refinement, allowing more degrees of freedom with less muscle co-contraction, increasing coordination and decreasing variability of performance.
