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PT 670 > Motor Control Brainscape > Flashcards

Motor Control Brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Field of Motor Control?

A

Study of the nature of movement and how movement is controlled.

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2
Q

What is Motor Control?

A

The ability tregulate or direct the mechanisms
essential tmovement. Movement arises from interaction of all multiple processes, including those related tperception, cognition, and action

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3
Q

Stablizing in Space

A

Posture and Balance

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4
Q

Movement in Space

A

Walking, Reaching

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5
Q

Benefits Systems Theory

A

Predicts behavior better as it considers muscle & skeletal systems, gravity and inertia, and nervous system and sensory system.

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6
Q

Limitation of Systems Theory

A

Does not consider the environment as part of the system.

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7
Q

Clinical Implication of Systems Theory

A
  1. Movement nervous system activty filtered through biomech system of body. 2. Must look at nervous and muscoloskeletal system tunderstand loss of Motor Cont. and how ttreat it. 3. Interventions must focus on interactions of impairments across multiple systems.
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8
Q

Movement Arises From…

A

Interaction between multiple processes, including perceptual, cognitive and motor processes within individual AND interactions between individual, task, and environment.

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9
Q

Within in individual, movement arises from…

A

interaction of MULTIPLE processes, including those that are related tperception, cognition, and action

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10
Q

Cognitive Processes Include

A

Attention, motivation, and emotional aspects of motor control that underlie the establishment of intent or goals.

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11
Q

Motor Control

A

The ability tregulate or direct the mechanisms essential tmovement. Perception, cognition, arousal, sensation, flexibility, strength, tone, pattern of movement

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12
Q

Motor Control Requires

A

Movement requires intent, cognitive processes are essential tmotor control.
Motor control includes perception and action systems that are organized tachieve specific goals,
Study of motor control MUST include the study of cognitive processes as they relate tperception and action

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13
Q

Classification of Tasks Stability Mobility

A

BOS moving/Non-moving

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14
Q

Classification of Tasks Organization

A

Discrete, continuous, serialrecognizable beginning and end?

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15
Q

Classification of Motor Cognitive Elements

A

Primary determinant of movement success – quality of movement or decision about which movement tmake?

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16
Q

Classifications of Tasks Motor-Cognitive Elements-Inter-trial Variability

A

Brush teethlow
Drink from various cupshigh
Step on tescalatornot much
Catch a ballhigh

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17
Q

Open Task Constraint on Movement

A

Variability and Flexible
Changing environment
Greater difficulty tplan movement
Increase demand on information processing systems

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18
Q

Closed Task Constraint on Movement

A

Fixed, habitual patterns
Minimal variation
Lower demand on information processing systems

19
Q

Motor Control Framework-Hedman Model

A 
Initial Conditions 
 Preparation 
 Initiation 
 Execution 
 Termination 
 Movement Outcome
20
Q

Initial Conditions

A

State of condition and environmental conditions
Parameters
Posture
Ability tinteract with environment (cognitive/affective)
Environmental context

21
Q

Preparation

A 
CNS organization
 3 Stages
Stimulus identification
Response selection
Response programming
22
Q

Intitiation

A 
Instant displacement of segments begin
 Parameters
Timing
Direction
Smoothness
23
Q

Execution

A 
Actual segmental movement
 Parameters
Amplitude of movement
Direction of movement
Speed of movement
Smoothness of movement
24
Q

Termination

A 
Instant when motion ceases
 Parameters
Timing
Stability
Accuracy
25
Q

Movement Outcome

A

Goal was reached

26
Q

Key Points of Motor Control

A

CNS Organization and Open and closed loops

27
Q

Systems Theory

A

Movement arises from the interaction of multiple processes and individual including

  1. perceptual, cognitive and motor processes within the individual, and
  2. Interactions between the individual, the task, and the environment.
  3. Organism continuously changing mechanical system
28
Q

Task Oriented Theory

A

Task-Oriented Theory, especially in neurorehab. Clinical practices evolve in parallel with scientific theory, as clinicians assimilate changes in scientific theory and apply them tclinical practice.

29
Q

Motor Learning

A

Neural adaptations associated with practice and experience that lead ta long term change in the ability tproduce skilled movement. Focus on individual

30
Q

Motor Learning Entails

A

Motor Learning or Acquisition of skilled movement involves
RETENTION
GENERALIZABILITY
ADAPTABILITY

31
Q

Muscle Performance

A

Motor Performance
Changes in behavior observed during a practice session (may or may not reflect learning).
Affected by fatigue, motivation, anxiety

32
Q

Types of Learning and Memory

A

Declarative (Explicit)conscious recall of events and facts

Procedural (Implicit)tasks performed automatically

33
Q

Declarative Learning

A

Awareness, Attention and reflection are needed
Repetition can transform declarative intprocedural knowledge
Can be practiced in other ways then how it was learned
Mental practiceinput from medial temporal lobes, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus

34
Q

Procedural Learning

A

Tasks that can be performed “automatically” (Habit)
Does not require as much attention or conscious thought
Develops slowly through repetition of a task under varying conditions
Movement schema
Rules for moving
Involves basal ganglia (striatum) and cerebellum and sensorimotor cortical areas

35
Q

Fitts and Posner 3 Stages of Motor Learning

A

Cognitive Stageexperimentation stage, lots of variability
Figuring out “What tdo”
Associative Stage
Deciding “How tdo”less variability in performance
Autonomous Stagepatient scans for

36
Q

Cognitive Stage - “What tdo”

A

Requires lots of cognitive processing and lots of error
Trying out multiple strategies, serrors random
Fast improvement
Heavy reliance on vision High Cognitive Demand with Variable Performance

37
Q

Associative Stage “How tDo”

A

Pt knows what tdo
Refinement of a selected motor strategy
Still improving, but more slowly; Errors more consistent
Proprioceptive cues become more important (vs. vision)
Learning is improved by opening environment
Less Cognitive Demand with Less Variability

38
Q

Autonomous Stage “How tSucceed”

A

Motor performance is largely automatic with little error
Automaticity of skill
Vary stable performance
Minimal cognitive monitoringAlmost nvariability with very low attentional demands
Attention can be shifted elsewhere with little degradation in performance

39
Q

Factors That Influence Motor Learning

A

Instructions
Practice
Feedback
Individual differences

40
Q

Instructions

A

Demonstration
Focus attention tspecific aspects of movement
Limit quantity and details of information tmatch cognitive abilities
Factors that influence motor learning

41
Q

Practice

A 
Environmental factors
e.g. open versus closed environments
 Blocked versus random
Blocked practice each task individually
Random practice the tasks in random order
 Part-Task versus Whole-Task
42
Q

Feedback

A

Sensory information, verbal, tactile, biofeedback, visual, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance

43
Q

Factors That Influence Motor Learning

A 
FEEDBACK
 Delayed
 Summed
 Faded
 Bandwidth

PT 670 (5 decks)

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