Motor Behavior Final Flashcards
Define the term “motor skill”
act or task for which success is determined by the quality of the movement a performer produces
Motor learning
emphasizes the acquisition of motor skills, the enhancement of performance of learned or highly experienced motor skills
Motor control
emphasizes how the neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs involved int he performance of motor skills
Motor development
emphasizes either or both motor learning and control issues but from the perspective of the relationship to human development from infancy to old age
List the three stage of information processing
Stimulus Identification, Response Selection, Response Programming
The Stroop effect is an example of altering ____.
SR compatibility
As S-R compatibility increases, reaction time ____.
decreases
In their 1967 research article Drowatsky & Zuccato provided evidence that ____ does/do not exist.
A general motor ability
One final method of defining the term “skilled” is by assessing a person’s ability to ____ time expenditure while performing a task.
minimize
As the number of S-R alternatives increases, reaction time ___.
increases
As task complexity increases, reaction time ____.
increases
3 components of the situation-based approach to motor behavior?
person, task, and setting
3 components that make up motor skill
practice, knowledge, and ability
Absolute Error
-A general index of accuracy
Choice RT
-Multiple stimuli multiple responses
closed skill
-Task performed in an environment that is predictable and allows performers to plan movements in advance
cognitive skill
-Act or task for which success is determined by the quality of the decisions made
constant error
-A measure of performance bias
continuous skill
-Ongoing, repetitive skill with no recognizable beginning and end
discrete skill
-Task that is usually brief in duration and has a well-defined beginning and end
input
-All available sensory information
learning
-Set of internal processes that, although not directly observable, is often assumed on the basis of stability in performance
open skill
-Task performed in an environment that is unpredictable and requires performers to adapt movements
output
-movement in response to a stimulus or stimuli
performance
-Observable, measurable behavior that fluctuates in response to variables such as motivation, pressure, or fatigue
RP
-Preparing the motor system for action
RS
-Choosing a response to a stimulus or stimuli
serial skill
-Task characterized by several discrete/continuous actions connected in a sequence, often with the order of actions important
SI
-Using sensory systems to detect the most critical information
simple RT
-one stimulus and one response
S-R compatibility
-Degree to which relationship between a stimulus and the appropriate response is natural or congruent
variable error
-A measure of performance
attractor state
-Preferred, comfortable behavioral state
closed-loop skill
-Type of control usually used for slow, continuous actions
skills
-Learned capabilities
motor program
-A set of rules that provide the basis for a motor skill
capability
-General term for proficiency
effector
-The muscles involved in producing a desired movement
fundamental timing structure
-The sequence and timing of a movement
open loop control
-Type of control usually used for quick, discrete actions
invariant features
-Non-changing components of a GMP
schema
-Preplanned set of commands for a movement
phase transition
-Moving from a less energy-efficient movement to a more energy-efficient movement
parameters
-Scalable(modified) components of a GMP
abilities
-Innate capabilities
Generalized motor programs
-The representation of a class of actions that share common characteristics
List two theories of motor control
Schmitts Schema Theory & Dynamic Control
List the 2 problems with a simple motor program notion
novelty & storage
List the 2 components of GMPs
Invariant features and Parameters
List the 3 stages of learning, according to Fitt’s and Posner
Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous
List the 3 types of Parameters
overall force, limb selection, and overall timing
List the 3 types of invariant features
relative timing, amount of force, and sequencing of muscle coordination
Information stored in the working memory stays there for about how long?
20-30secs
According to Kahneman’s theory of attention, what limits our attentional capacity?
Our arousal level
What type of information is not stored in our long term memory?
Motivational
How many items can you store in your working memory?
Roughly 5-7
IZOF stands for what?
Individualized Zone of Optimal Functioning
Fitts Law
- Describes the relationship between ID and MT
focal vision
-Used to identify objects in the central field
dendrites
-Receives neural impulses
fundamental timing structure
-The sequencing and timing of a movement
pupil
-Lets light into the eye by changing its size
ambient vision
-Used to detect movement in the central and peripheral fields
proprioceptors
Attach to muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints and send sensory information about a movement
axons
-Transmits neural impulses to other neurons
golgi-tendon organs
-send information to the CNS about changes in tension and force
List three sources of exteroception
vision, auditory, and tactile
List the 2 sources of interoception
vestibular apparatus and proprioception
List 2 exceptions to the speed accuracy trade off
Timing accuracy and coincidence anticipation
List the 2 types of photoreceptors and their main function
cones and rods
List the 2 components of a motor unit
motor neuron and muscle fiber
According to SATO, as movement time increases, movement error will _____.
decrease
According to Fitt’s law as target width increases, movement time will ____.
Decrease
