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Exercise Science > Motor Behavior Final > Flashcards

Motor Behavior Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the term “motor skill”

A

act or task for which success is determined by the quality of the movement a performer produces

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2
Q

Motor learning

A

emphasizes the acquisition of motor skills, the enhancement of performance of learned or highly experienced motor skills

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3
Q

Motor control

A

emphasizes how the neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs involved int he performance of motor skills

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4
Q

Motor development

A

emphasizes either or both motor learning and control issues but from the perspective of the relationship to human development from infancy to old age

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5
Q

List the three stage of information processing

A

Stimulus Identification, Response Selection, Response Programming

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6
Q

The Stroop effect is an example of altering ____.

A

SR compatibility

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7
Q

As S-R compatibility increases, reaction time ____.

A

decreases

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8
Q

In their 1967 research article Drowatsky & Zuccato provided evidence that ____ does/do not exist.

A

A general motor ability

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9
Q

One final method of defining the term “skilled” is by assessing a person’s ability to ____ time expenditure while performing a task.

A

minimize

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10
Q

As the number of S-R alternatives increases, reaction time ___.

A

increases

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11
Q

As task complexity increases, reaction time ____.

A

increases

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12
Q

3 components of the situation-based approach to motor behavior?

A

person, task, and setting

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13
Q

3 components that make up motor skill

A

practice, knowledge, and ability

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14
Q

Absolute Error

A

-A general index of accuracy

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15
Q

Choice RT

A

-Multiple stimuli multiple responses

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16
Q

closed skill

A

-Task performed in an environment that is predictable and allows performers to plan movements in advance

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17
Q

cognitive skill

A

-Act or task for which success is determined by the quality of the decisions made

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18
Q

constant error

A

-A measure of performance bias

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19
Q

continuous skill

A

-Ongoing, repetitive skill with no recognizable beginning and end

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20
Q

discrete skill

A

-Task that is usually brief in duration and has a well-defined beginning and end

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21
Q

input

A

-All available sensory information

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22
Q

learning

A

-Set of internal processes that, although not directly observable, is often assumed on the basis of stability in performance

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23
Q

open skill

A

-Task performed in an environment that is unpredictable and requires performers to adapt movements

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24
Q

output

A

-movement in response to a stimulus or stimuli

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25
Q

performance

A

-Observable, measurable behavior that fluctuates in response to variables such as motivation, pressure, or fatigue

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26
Q

RP

A

-Preparing the motor system for action

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27
Q

RS

A

-Choosing a response to a stimulus or stimuli

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28
Q

serial skill

A

-Task characterized by several discrete/continuous actions connected in a sequence, often with the order of actions important

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29
Q

SI

A

-Using sensory systems to detect the most critical information

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30
Q

simple RT

A

-one stimulus and one response

31
Q

S-R compatibility

A

-Degree to which relationship between a stimulus and the appropriate response is natural or congruent

32
Q

variable error

A

-A measure of performance

33
Q

attractor state

A

-Preferred, comfortable behavioral state

34
Q

closed-loop skill

A

-Type of control usually used for slow, continuous actions

35
Q

skills

A

-Learned capabilities

36
Q

motor program

A

-A set of rules that provide the basis for a motor skill

37
Q

capability

A

-General term for proficiency

38
Q

effector

A

-The muscles involved in producing a desired movement

39
Q

fundamental timing structure

A

-The sequence and timing of a movement

40
Q

open loop control

A

-Type of control usually used for quick, discrete actions

41
Q

invariant features

A

-Non-changing components of a GMP

42
Q

schema

A

-Preplanned set of commands for a movement

43
Q

phase transition

A

-Moving from a less energy-efficient movement to a more energy-efficient movement

44
Q

parameters

A

-Scalable(modified) components of a GMP

45
Q

abilities

A

-Innate capabilities

46
Q

Generalized motor programs

A

-The representation of a class of actions that share common characteristics

47
Q

List two theories of motor control

A

Schmitts Schema Theory & Dynamic Control

48
Q

List the 2 problems with a simple motor program notion

A

novelty & storage

49
Q

List the 2 components of GMPs

A

Invariant features and Parameters

50
Q

List the 3 stages of learning, according to Fitt’s and Posner

A

Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous

51
Q

List the 3 types of Parameters

A

overall force, limb selection, and overall timing

52
Q

List the 3 types of invariant features

A

relative timing, amount of force, and sequencing of muscle coordination

53
Q

Information stored in the working memory stays there for about how long?

A

20-30secs

54
Q

According to Kahneman’s theory of attention, what limits our attentional capacity?

A

Our arousal level

55
Q

What type of information is not stored in our long term memory?

A

Motivational

56
Q

How many items can you store in your working memory?

A

Roughly 5-7

57
Q

IZOF stands for what?

A

Individualized Zone of Optimal Functioning

58
Q

Fitts Law

A
  • Describes the relationship between ID and MT
59
Q

focal vision

A

-Used to identify objects in the central field

60
Q

dendrites

A

-Receives neural impulses

61
Q

fundamental timing structure

A

-The sequencing and timing of a movement

62
Q

pupil

A

-Lets light into the eye by changing its size

63
Q

ambient vision

A

-Used to detect movement in the central and peripheral fields

64
Q

proprioceptors

A

Attach to muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints and send sensory information about a movement

65
Q

axons

A

-Transmits neural impulses to other neurons

66
Q

golgi-tendon organs

A

-send information to the CNS about changes in tension and force

67
Q

List three sources of exteroception

A

vision, auditory, and tactile

68
Q

List the 2 sources of interoception

A

vestibular apparatus and proprioception

69
Q

List 2 exceptions to the speed accuracy trade off

A

Timing accuracy and coincidence anticipation

70
Q

List the 2 types of photoreceptors and their main function

A

cones and rods

71
Q

List the 2 components of a motor unit

A

motor neuron and muscle fiber

72
Q

According to SATO, as movement time increases, movement error will _____.

A

decrease

73
Q

According to Fitt’s law as target width increases, movement time will ____.

A

Decrease

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