Motor Behavior (1)

Question 1

Motor control

Answer 1

how the neuromuscular system functions together to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs involved in the performance of a motor skill

you can’t see motor control, but you can infer whether it is abnormal or normal from performance

Question 2

motor learning

Answer 2

set of processes brought about by practice or experience that leads to a relatively permanent change in the capability to produce a skilled action

you can’t see learning and it can only be measured indirectly via performance

Question 3

motor development

Answer 3

The study of human development from infancy to old age with specific interest in issues related to either motor learning or motor control

Question 4

motor performance and how can it be measured?

Answer 4

The movement/action that you see
– You can measure it:
* By the outcome, overall result
* By the quality of the motion
* By assessing the coordination pattern

Question 5

What is the difference between a movement and a skill

Answer 5

A skill is a voluntary, goal orientated, and developed as a result of practice where a movement is an involuntary action with no goal orientation, and does not require practice.

Question 6

Is the following a skill or a movement?
- playing the piano
- touching the stove
- crutch walking
- tapping your pencil

Answer 6

• skill
• movement
• skill
• movement

Question 7

What is motor equivalency?

Answer 7

Capability of the motor control system to enable a person to perform a skill/goal in a variety of different ways; multiple ways
to achieve the same goal

many patients can only move one way due to injury

Question 8

What are some examples of motor equivalency?

Answer 8

• Getting out of bed
• swinging a golf club
• shooting a basketball

Question 9

Why are coordination and control not the same thing?

Answer 9

Coordination is one visual element that tells us something about the control of movement. It is the patterning of head, body and/or limb motions relative to the patterning of environmental objects and events.

Question 10

what are gross motor skills? Examples?

Answer 10

a motor skill that requires the use of large musculature to achieve the goal of the skill

• walking
• jumping
• throwing

Question 11

what are fine motor skills? Example?

Answer 11

a motor skill that requires control of small muscles to achieve the goal of the skill

• handwriting
• typing
• sewing

Question 12

what are continuous motor skills? examples?

Answer 12

arbitrary beginning and end of the action; repetitive movements

• steering a car
• walking
• swimming

Question 13

what are discrete motor skills? examples?

Answer 13

specified beginning and end of the action; single movement

• flipping a light switch
• hitting a piano key

Question 14

What are open motor skills? examples?

Answer 14

supporting surface, objects, and/or other people are in motion

• driving a car
• catching a thrown ball
• walking on a crowded sidewalk

Question 15

what are closed motor skills? examples?

Answer 15

supporting surface, objects, and/or other people are stationary

• picking up a cup
• buttoning a shirt
• shooting a free throw in basketball

Question 16

what are serial motor skills? examples?

Answer 16

discrete movements strung together

• playing the piano
• gymnastics routine

Question 17

what are stability motor skills? examples

Answer 17

stability tasks are performed with a nonmoving base of support

• sitting
• standing

Question 18

what are mobility motor skills? examples?

Answer 18

require moving the base of the support

• walking
• running

Question 19

manipulation tasks vs non-manipulation tasks

Answer 19

manipulation: client uses hands to complete task

non-manipulation: no hands are used to complete task

Question 20

open loop circuit

Answer 20

ongoing feedback is not essential, or movement is too fast

• downswing tee shot
• swinging a bat

Question 21

closed loop circuit

Answer 21

feedback is required for ongoing adjustments to movement (typically visual or sensory feedback)

• threading a needle
• spreading peanut butter on bread

Question 22

what is the reach to grasp example?

Answer 22

If you were to pick up a penny, the initial reach to grab the penny would be open loop circuit, but the actual grabbing of the penny would be a closed loop circuit because you need the feedback to let you know how close you are and when to grab it

Question 23

Why does learner and novice vs expert affect whether an action is closed vs open loop?

Answer 23

type of control may change as one transitions from beginner to novice to expert

example: child dripping a basketball will need visual cues to ensure the ball doesn’t get away (closed) , but college player does not need those visual cues (open)

Question 24

Define each skill as continuous/discrete/serial and open/closed:

• walking with a cane through a crowded mall
• assisting a patient to walk to their hospital room
• eating spaghetti
• preparing to and brushing your teeth

Answer 24

• continuous, open
• continuous, open
• serial, closed
• discrete, closed