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CNUP > motor anatomy > Flashcards

motor anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

from what areas of the brain does the corticospinal tract arise?

A

areas 4, 6, 312

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2
Q

as they leave the cortex, corticospinal fibers are

A

the corona radiata

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3
Q

through what do corticospinal fibers trival in the diencephalon?

A

the internal capsule

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4
Q

in the midbrain, cortico spinal fibers become

A

the cerebral peduncles

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5
Q

what is the the pyramidal decussation?

A

where 90% of corticospinal fibers split, at the junction of the spinal cortd brainstem.

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6
Q

After the pyramidal decussation, the crossed corticospinal tract goes to the —– and the uncrossed fibers go to the —-

A

dorsolateral white matter, anterior corticospinal tract.

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7
Q

what other pathway subserves motor control through its connections in the brainstem?

A

corticobulbar tract

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8
Q

in the internal capsule, what is the somatotopic organanization?

A

Fibers controling upper body are found anteriorly, axons that influence the lower body are found post

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9
Q

How does the map of the internal capsule change in the cerebral peduncle?

A

upper body is represented medially and lower body is represented laterally

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10
Q

what areas of the cortex project to the red nucleus?

A

motor, premotor,

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11
Q

where do axons leaving the red nucleus, destined for the spinals cord go?

A

the cross in the ventral tegmental decussation and travel in the dorsolateral funiculus

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12
Q

what is a disynaptic connection from the motor cortex to the spinal motorneurons?

A

the rubrospinal tract

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13
Q

where does the tectospinal tract arise from?

A

the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus

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14
Q

Where does the superior colliculus project?

A

to the cervical spinal cord only

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15
Q

What kind of information do reticulospinal efferents carry?

A

vestibular info

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16
Q

What descending noradrenergic projection controls background excitability in MN?

A

Projections from the locus coeruleus

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17
Q

What descending projection from the brainstem is serotonergic?

A

caudal raphe nuclei.

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18
Q

what is the effect of descending connections from the raphe?

A

inhibitory; prevent hyper activity

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19
Q

This fiber tract has a role in maintenance of balance, has bilateral projections in the cord, runs throughout the SC, and effects A and G EXT and FLEX

A

LVST

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20
Q

This tract is for coordinated eye and head movements, projects contralaterally through only neck levels in the cord, and only influences neck muscles

A

tectospinal

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21
Q

Where does MVST project and what does it do?

A

Bilateral, cervical, Alpha neck MN, maintains head stability

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22
Q

where does reticulospinal project?

A

bilaterally to a and g flex and ext at all sc levels

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23
Q

coeruleospinal pathway is—,raphe-spinal is —–

A

ipsi, bilateral

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24
Q

latin name for anterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

paleocerebellum

25
Q

the nodulus and flocculus, also called—- are separated from the rest of the cerebellum by the—-

A

vestibulocerebellum; posterolateral fissure

26
Q

what structure of the cerebellum forms the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

nodulus

27
Q

Input to the cerebellum chiefly goes to —-, which send info to—– in the —- layer.

A

granule cells, PC, Molecular layer

28
Q

information going out of the cerebellum travels in which peduncle?

A

superior

29
Q

info going into the cerebellum goes by way of what?

A

middle (brachium pontis) inf (corp restiform)

30
Q

the restiform body of the inferior peduncle carries what fibers?

A

Olive, dorsal spinocerebellar tract and medullary reticular formation

31
Q

the juxtarestiform body of the inferior peduncle carries what?

A

vestibular info, also efferents

32
Q

In what peduncle do pontine fibers to the cb travel in?

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

33
Q

where do axons in the superior cerebellar peduncle go?

A

contralateral red nucleus or thalamus

34
Q

the magnocellular division of the red nucleus receives what?

A

interpositus, mostly

35
Q

the parvocellular red receives what?

A

dentate

36
Q

what two tracts are near the superior cerebellar peduncl?

A

the uncinate fasiculus and spinocerebellar tract

37
Q

the lentiform nucleus is made out of what structures?

A

putamen and gp

38
Q

the neostriatum is what?

A

caudate and putamen

39
Q

what separates the neostriatum?

A

the internal capsule

40
Q

what structure forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle?

A

the caudate

41
Q

what is the ventral striatum?

A

is rostr and vent to the ant comm, consists of the NAmb, Striatum and parts of the olfactory tubercle

42
Q

what fiber structure separates the gp and the putamen?

A

external meduliary lamina

43
Q

what separates the thalamus from th lenticular nucleus?

A

internal capsule

44
Q

what is special about the substantia nigra pars compacta?

A

hs large cells that produce dA

45
Q

what NT does the pars reticulata produce?

A

GABA

46
Q

In the BG, what region is mostly motor?

A

Most of the Putamen

47
Q

what kind of area occupies most of the caudate

A

Association

48
Q

where is the limbic portion of the bg?

A

Ventral,

49
Q

Major inputs to the striatum are from

A

the corex and the IL thalamic nuclei

50
Q

efferents from the striatum include

A

MSN expressing substance-P and GABA project to the gp internal segment (direct) and MSN expressing enkephalin and gaba to gp ext.

51
Q

Describe the indirect path

A

From the GP ext segment, to the sTN, to the GP internal segment

52
Q

where does the gp internal segment project to?

A

VA, VL thalamus via lenticular fasciculus and the ansa lenticularis (the thalamic fasciculus)

53
Q

where does the substantia nigra pars compacta project?

A

the striatum and ventral striatum (DA)

54
Q

what are the motor nuclei of the eye muscles?

A

abducens, trochlear, and occulomotor

55
Q

the pathway the carries the vestibuloocular reflex goes from the semicirc, vestibular and then to the motor nuclei by two pathways:

A

mediallongitudinal fasiculus, or by way of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi. also, to the flocculus.

56
Q

where does the command for saccadic eye movements originate?

A

FEF, sEF, intraparietal area of CCX.

57
Q

Signals for saccades are ultimately carried to the — and the —- to get to the remotor burst neurons.

A

Superior colliculus, caudate, and to vermis via the nrtp.

58
Q

for saccad, horizonal movements are — and veritical movements

A

pontine;midbrain reticular formations (premotor burst neurons)

59
Q

describe the pathfor smooth pursuit detection

A

Mt and Mst send signal to dl ponine, to flocculus and posterior veermis. then to mn via vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi. Also, fastigial to mn

CNUP (3 decks)

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