Motivational theories Flashcards
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ?
Peoples reasons to go to work change over time
Self actualisation - full potential
Esteemed needs - Prestige
Belonginess - Marriage / kids
Safety - Job security
Physiological - Food , shelter
What are some problems with Maslow’s approach ?
Difficult to see which level one is on
Some rewards fit in more than one level ( money )
Self actualisation is never achieved
What is Taylors scientific management ?
Assessing the time it takes a worker to do a job - Try and find a way of speeding it up
Through supervision and payment per unit
Fair days pay for a fair days work
What are some issues with Taylors scientific management ?
Not everyone is money motivated
Price rate is not suitable for small business
Best methods might not suit all industries or workers
What was Mayo’s relations school ?
Though workers are motivated by conditions - skill of coworkers - money
Workers are motivated by how they interact in teams where they make their decisions
What was Hertzberg’s two factor theory ?
Asked 200 people what motivated them
Motivators- Acheivement + recognition
Hygiene- Policies + salary + conditions + coworkers
Money did not always motivate everyone
What are some negatives of herzberg’s research ?
Job enrichment is expensive
Findings based on a small sample
Similar surveys obtained different results
What was McClelland’s 3 needs theory ?
Achievement- Likes a challenge + wants feedback
Affiliation- Enjoys team work + people focused
Power- Likes influence + status + recognition
If one of these needs are dominant it will influence a persons behavior
What was Vrooms Expectancy theory ?
Mental processes a person goes through when making a decision on a choice of actions
Expectancy - Do they think they will achieve the task ( 0-1 )
Valance - Based of the value of the reward (1-0 )
What was Drucker’s Motivational theory ?
The most important asset in the company is the employees
Recognise them as people - not a cost - invest in them
What was Edwin Locke’s theory ?
Giving appropriate goals will help them feel motivated to achieve it
Clarify goals - Make them challenging - Give feedback - Get them committed to it - must be achievable
What was Tom Peters Theory of motivation ?
Stated that you should :
Acknowledge effort + achievement
Encourage employees
Try to offer continuous employment ( sense of security )
