Motivational Strategies

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Concept used to describe the internal and external forces that lead to the initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior
Forces beneath motivation can be biological, social, emotional, or cognitive

Question 2

Motivation ____ __ _____

Answer 2

LEADS TO ACTION

Question 3

Types of Motivation

Answer 3

Based on self Determination Theory

1. Intrinsic - self motivation, participation for enjoyment and satisfaction
2. Extrinsic - Controlled by rewards or threats
3. Amotivation - lack of purpose and intentionality, relative absence of motivation

Question 4

Self Determination Theory

Answer 4

Explains affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses
Applied to physical activity to understand motives
Seek challenges to satisfy psychological needs
- competence
- relatedness
- autonomy

Question 5

Amotivation is demonstrated by

Answer 5

Decrease in self discipline

Belief that exercise is not necessary and will not result in desired outcome (weight loss)

Question 6

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 6

Directed by rewards, money, pressure
Encourage the process of activity 
- Reinforce exercise behaviors vs. performance
- Frequency and particiaption 
- Encourage steps twoards autonomy

Question 7

Types of Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 7

1. External Regulation
2. Introjected Regulation
3. Identified Regulation
4. Integrated Regulation

Question 8

Extrinsic - External Regulation

Answer 8

Rewards and threats
Exercise for reward
Avoid punishment

Question 9

Extrinsic - Introjected Regulation

Answer 9

Internalized rasoin for acting, but is not self determined

Source of motivation is guilt or shame of not doing it

Question 10

Extrinsic - Identified regulation

Answer 10

Action is motivated by expected outcomes
More autonomous and driven by goals
Value changes of disease prevention and improved fitness

Question 11

Extrinsic - Integrated Regulation

Answer 11

Volitional behavior due to importance of goal
Most self-determined type
Identifies with exercise as a symbol of who they are “I am a marathon runner”

Question 12

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 12

Engaging in behavior for reason of pleasure, enjoyment and fun

Question 13

Intrinsic Needs

Answer 13

Competence
Autonomy
Relatedness
Intrinsic to Extrinsic Continuum - Internalize behaviors that initially are extrinsically motivated

Question 14

Intrinsic Motivation for Promoting Activity - DO

Answer 14

Emphasize individual mastery
Promote perceptions of choice
Promote fun and excitement of exercise
Promote a sense of purpose

Question 15

Intrinsic Motivation for Promoting Activity - DONT

Answer 15

Over emphasize peer performance comparisons
Undermine an intrinsic focus by misusing extrinsic rewards
Turn exercise into a chore
Create a motivation by spreading fitness misinformation

Question 16

Steps to apply theory

Answer 16

1. Provide choice of activites
2. Provide a rationale or activites
3. Provide positive feedback for inc. confidence
4. Promote process goals with mod difficulty
5. Promote development of social relationships

Question 17

Goal is to lead patient toward

Answer 17

Intrinsic Motivation

Question 18

Attributions and Exercise

Answer 18

Attributes

• Perceived causes and reasons people give for an outcome or behavior
• relate to perceptions of control and motivation

Question 19

Main attribution elements

Answer 19

Ability
Effort
Task difficulty
Luck

Question 20

Implications

Answer 20

Adults will adopt exercise for health reasons, yet are more likely to continue because of intrinsic factors

Question 21

Competence Motivation Theory

Answer 21

Perceived competence is related to exercise participation
Domain specific
Seek situations where competence is displayed
Motivation comes from feelings of competence with exercise
Amotivation from feelings of incompetence with exercise

Question 22

Goal Orientation

Answer 22

Competence, success and failure are relative
- based on perception
- cultural and gender variations affect perception
Achievement Motivation
- ability oriented
- task oriented
- social approval oriented

Question 23

Exercise Self-Schemata

Answer 23

Schemata - diagram or means of analyzing info

- guides the way we retrieve, select and itnerpret concepts, attributes and relations of attrbutes

Question 24

Exerciser

Answer 24

Exercise is important to self image - consider themselves an exerciser

Question 25

Non Exerciser

Answer 25

They will do it but not a part of their self image

Question 26

Aschematics

Answer 26

Exercise is not important to their self image

Question 27

Exercise Schematics

Answer 27

Non exercise and aschematics less involved with physical activity Intervention - Develop positive associations with exercise and self image - Promote positive exercise experiences

Question 28

Self Efficacy

Answer 28

``` Motivation self efficacy - Ability to get started with exercise program - Behavioral outcomes -Related to self confidence Prior success and performance attainment Imitation and modeling Verbal and social persuassion Judgments or physiological states ```

Question 29

Applying self efficacy

Answer 29

Expose patients to activity gradually Arrange for them to see others participating Offer encouragement Arrange activity to allow for relaxed and upbeat mood

Question 30

Motivational Interviewing

Answer 30

Formal training program - PTs dont get Patient centered approach Strategies include reflective listening and eliciting change talk

Question 31

Reflective Listening

Answer 31

1. Content reflections 2. Feeling/meaning reflections 3. Amplified negative reflections 4. Double sided reflections 5. Reflections on omission 6. Action reflections 7. Rolling with resistance