Health and Wellness

Question 1

Define Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

Define Wellness

Answer 2

Active process through which people become aware of, and make choices towards a more successful existence

Question 3

Wellness is…

Answer 3

Conscious, self directed and evolving
Multi dimensional and holistic
Encompasses lifestyle, mental and spiritual well being and environment
Positive and affirming

Question 4

Domains of Wellness

Answer 4

Physical, social, psychological intellectual, emotional, and spiritual

Question 5

Illness

Answer 5

Opposite of wellness
Perception and response to a person not feeling well
Disturbance in the normal biological function and personal, interpersonal and cultural reactions to diseases
- Illness does not equal disease

Question 6

Health Promotion

Answer 6

Art and science
Enhancing their motivation
Dynamic balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health

Question 7

Models

Answer 7

Provide illustration of how certain parts are related within a structure
Good theory would use a lot of models to demonstrate the components of the theory

Question 8

Thoeries

Answer 8

Allow you to understand, explain and predict behavior
Provides the how and why a behavior occurs
Offers a framework to develop interventions
Apply to many situations, needs to be broad and abstract

Question 9

Models of Health

Answer 9

Medical (clinical)
Ecological Model
Holistic (Biopsychosocial)

Question 10

Medical (Clinical) Model

Answer 10

Pathology based model
Provides for vital statistics for prevalence and incidence of disease
Allows for direct cause/effect relationships for research

Question 11

Limitations to medical/clinical model

Answer 11

NO personal or environmental considerations

Lacks preventative component

Question 12

Ecological Model

Answer 12

Model that healthy people 2020 use
involves social family, lifestyle, working conditions, interventions, policies, programs, and environment and how they all impact one another

Question 13

Holistic (Biopsychosocial) Model

Answer 13

Health defined in terms of the whole person
Includes physiological, mental, emotional, spiritual, and environmental
Focus is on optimal health, prevention of disease and positive mental and physical states
Health is a state of optimum or positive wellness

Question 14

Holistic Model and dimensions of wellness

Answer 14

Emotional
Intellectual
Spiritual
Occupational
Social
Physical

Question 15

Osteopathic Philosophy

Answer 15

Preventative, whole person care

Address physical ailments, yet encourage healthy living to prevent disease and illness

Question 16

Health Belief Model

Answer 16

Health related behavior depends upon:
Perceived susceptibility to that illness
Perceived severity of potential illness

Question 17

4 constructs of health belief model to represent readiness to change

Answer 17

1. Benefits to takng action
2. Barriers to taking action
3. Cues to action
4. Self efficacy - confidence in ability to successful execute the action

Question 18

Application of the health belief model

Answer 18

1. What are you going to assess - how will you assess the patients readiness to change (questionnaire, interview)
2. What interventions will you provide - need to get them to buy in

Question 19

Limitations to health belief model

Answer 19

people think that these things wont happen to them

Question 20

Transtheoretical Model

Answer 20

Behavior change is a process, not an event
Cognition and behaviors are different throughout stages
One size does not fit all

Question 21

4 Constructs of Transtheorteical Model

Answer 21

Stages of change
Decisional Balance
Process of change
Self efficacy

Question 22

Stages of Change

Answer 22

Precontemplation - I wont/ I cant
Contemplation - I might
Preparation - I will
Action - I am
Maitenence - I have

Question 23

Decisional Balance

Answer 23

The pros and cons of the behavior - how will this change

Question 24

Process of change

Answer 24

Behaviors, cognitions and emotions to change a behavior

Question 25

Self Efficacy

Answer 25

Your confidence to perform the behavior for the desired outcome
Will change based upon stage

Question 26

TTM - Precontemplation Stage

Answer 26

Not ready for change
Unaware of the need to change
Action - Make people aware of health benefits of behavior change

Question 27

TTM - Contemplation Stage

Answer 27

Getting ready
Intending to start within next 6 months
Pros and Cons have same weigh
Action - self re-evaluation of need to change, affirm and reinforce new self image

Question 28

TTM - Preparation

Answer 28

Ready to start taking action and make commitment
Start making small steps
Action - get support from social network

Question 29

TTM - Action

Answer 29

Changed behavior 1 day –> 6 months
Work hard to keep going
ACtion - fight setbacks, keeping up the commitment for healthy behavior

Question 30

TTM - Maitenence

Answer 30

Changed behavior > 6 months ago
Be aware of slipping back
Action - seek support from others

Question 31

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 31

Behavior change guided by environmental influences and role modeling of the behavior
Learn by watching others

Question 32

Central Tenant for Social Cognitive Thoery

Answer 32

Self Efficacy
Clear Instructions
Skill Development - break up whole into parts
Model behavior

Question 33

Social Cognitive Theory - Reinforcement of what

Answer 33

Reinforcement of behavior drives compliance

• physical benefits
• extrinsic rewards
• Intrinsic
• long term retention of behavior

Question 34

Theory of Planned Bahavior

Answer 34

A theory about the link btw your attitudes and behavior
4 main psychological influences on behavior
- intention
- attitude
- subjective norm
- perceived behavioral control

Question 35

Relapse Prevention

Answer 35

Anticipate problems with adherence
Relapse factors
Identify potential factors –> develop solution –> improved adherence/decreased relapse