Motivational Role of the Reinforcer

Question 1

Goal Directed Behaviour

Answer 1

choose to act in in a certain way to work towards a goal

Question 2

Frustration and other internal states can produce a_____

Answer 2

Paradoxical reward effect

Question 3

Paradoxical Reward effet

Answer 3

the effects of reinforcers can depend on expectations and psychological context.

Question 4

Partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE)

Answer 4

Learning under partial reinforcements is more robust than learning under full reinforcements.

Question 5

Partial reinforcement

Answer 5

The response is reinforced only part of the time.

Question 6

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 6

Refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.

Question 7

Thorndike’s law of effect

Answer 7

Motivational properties of the reinforcer are critical for learning

Question 8

Satisfaction results in___

Answer 8

S-R learning

Question 9

Tolman believed

Answer 9

The animal may learn things without being reinforced (latent learning), and reinforcement provides impetus to perform

Question 10

Latent Learning

Answer 10

learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without any obvious reinforcement of the behavior or associations that are learned.

Question 11

Cognitive map

Answer 11

an internal representation (or image) of external environmental feature or landmark.

Question 12

Design Rational

Answer 12

will the animal show evidence of learning when presented one stimulus when it was previously linked with the other

Question 13

Skinner’s circularity in the law of effect

Answer 13

Postman 1947 - The animal does what it does because it does it, and does not do what it does not do because it does not do it

Question 14

Hull

Answer 14

tried to come up with a universal theory of a reinforcer.

You need motivating forcer of hunger to find the reward and see reward as a motivator.

Animals will then repeat any behavior that reduces these drives.

Question 15

According to Hull Behaviour =

Answer 15

Habit (learning) X drive (motivation)

Question 16

According to Hull reinforcement =

Answer 16

a stimulus that reduced drive

Question 17

Premack (1959)

Answer 17

Reinforcement involves behaviour of its own, consumption not just the food, high preference for eating.
reinforcement = increasing access to preferred behaviours

Question 18

The Premack Principle

Answer 18

More preferred action will provide good enforcer for less preferred action, do the worse action to then do the better one

Reinforcement depends on current preference of the individual (reinforcement is dynamic

Relative behavioural property

Question 19

Limitations of the premack principle

Answer 19

• Doesn’t speak to psycho priniciples.
• Very Behaviouristic
• May be violated if a situation or schedule of reinforcement provides much more of the high-probability behavior than of the low-probability behavior.

Question 20

Instrumental conditioning and limit

Answer 20

a learning process in which behaviour is modified by the reinforcing or inhibiting effect of its consequence.
L - It cant explain insensitivity to changes in motivation for the outcome