Motivation Theories

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The process whereby goal-directed behavior is instigated and sustained. A work-related rather than play-related concept.

Question 2

Proximal and distant goals

Answer 2

Proximal: those that are close at hand and achievable quickly. Distant goals: ones that set criteria to be met in the future.

Question 3

Self-efficacy

Answer 3

Learners’ beliefs about themselves in relation to task difficulty and task outcome.

Question 4

Efficacy expectations

Answer 4

People make judgements about their ability to perform certain actions required to achieve a desirable outcome. Then based on their judgements, they proceed or not to engage in those actions.

Question 5

Outcome expectations

Answer 5

People have expectations about what actions will produce desirable outcomes

Question 6

Attribution theory

Answer 6

A term used in psychology which deals with how individuals perceive the causes of everyday experience, as being either external or internal.

Question 7

Monitoring progress

Answer 7

A formal system where a teacher will collect data for students who participate in intervention each week while the student is participating. However, it’s not the same as a more informal approach that teachers use when they monitor progress.

Question 8

Cooperative learning

Answer 8

Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject.

Question 9

Teacher efficacy

Answer 9

Teacher efficacy is the level of confidence teachers have in their ability to guide students to success (CU-Portland). This includes helping students learn, building effective programs for students, and effectively changing student learning (Gkolia, Belia, & Koustelios, 2014).

Question 10

ARCS model (Dr. John Keller) - attention, relevance, confidence, satisfaction

Answer 10

A (Attention): Capture learners interest by using new, unique and unexpected approaches. Interject personal experiences and humor.
R (Relevance): Those things which we perceive as instrumental in meeting needs and satisfying desires. Ends-oriented or means-oriented.
C (Confidence): Confidence in their willingness to engage in learning. 3 strategies: 1) Create positive expectations for success, make clear what expect. 2) Provide success opportunities for students. 3) Provide learners with a reasonable amount of control over learning.
S (Satisfaction): Deals with natural consequences, positive consequences, and equity. Make sure learner expectations are consistent with expectations outlined at the outset