Motivation Models 🤪 Flashcards
McClelland
Believed that employees have dominant needs, managers should identify these to correctly motivate employees.
What are McClelland’s three needs?
Achievement (takes risks and likes feedback), affiliation (wants to belong and favours collaboration), power (wants to control others and enjoys status/recognition).
Herzberg
Two factor theory - hygiene factors and motivating factors.
Hygiene factors
Absence of them causes dissatisfaction according to Herzberg but employees are not motivated by them e.g pay and working conditions.
Motivating factors
Motivate employees according to Herzberg e.g job enrichment, recognition and empowerment.
Maslow
Human basic needs which can be applied to the workplace. Helps managers understand basic needs of employees so they can effectively provide them and identify areas where employees may be demotivated.
What are Maslows basic needs in order?
Physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation.
Vroom
Calculation of employee motivation based on expectancy (whether they believe they can complete the task), instrumentality (whether they think a valued outcome will be received), valence (value they place on the reward)
Vroom numerical value
Closer to 0 - demotivated, closer to 1 - motivated.
Drucker
Labour is most important asset of an organisation and taking an interest in employees and training them effectively is very important.
Locke
Goal setting theory, objectives should be set based on five principles.
Locke’s five principles
Clarity (specific and employees understanding), challenge, commitment (employees need ownership), feedback, complexity (employees must not feel ‘out of their depth and have resources)
Peters
An organisation should try to pursue excellence from all employees.
Motivation
A strong desire to act in a particular way and to achieve a certain result.
Drawbacks of McClelland’s theory
- Employees may not necessarily be motivated by what their needs suggest.
- the behaviour of one employee in achieving their needs may negatively affect others e.g an employee who is power driven becoming too controlling.
Drawbacks of Herzberg’s theory
- Workers may be categorise factors in different ways e.g pay may be highly motivating.
- Some people may be both motivated and demotivated by both factors.
- It may be a challenge to enrich and empower low skilled workers.
Limitations of Maslow’s theory
- Some employees may not require these needs to be met at work.
- Challenge to identify and meet the needs of every employee.
- Needs may be hierarchical for some employees e.g social over safety.
Limitations of Vroom’s theory
- Values are subject to opinion
- Costs of financial rewards
- Doesn’t work in all contexts e.g where performance cannot be measured.
Limitations of Druker’s ideas
- Relies on good leadership and effective soft skills.
- Some employees won’t be motivated with non monetary methods.
Limitations of Locke’s theory
- Employees may work towards goals at the expense of other tasks.
- Setting targets may not work if resources are not provided.
- Goal setting requires regular monitoring and feedback, time consuming.
- Can be demotivating if employee doesn’t reach their goal.
