Motivation Models 🤪

Question 1

McClelland

Answer 1

Believed that employees have dominant needs, managers should identify these to correctly motivate employees.

Question 2

What are McClelland’s three needs?

Answer 2

Achievement (takes risks and likes feedback), affiliation (wants to belong and favours collaboration), power (wants to control others and enjoys status/recognition).

Question 3

Herzberg

Answer 3

Two factor theory - hygiene factors and motivating factors.

Question 4

Hygiene factors

Answer 4

Absence of them causes dissatisfaction according to Herzberg but employees are not motivated by them e.g pay and working conditions.

Question 5

Motivating factors

Answer 5

Motivate employees according to Herzberg e.g job enrichment, recognition and empowerment.

Question 6

Maslow

Answer 6

Human basic needs which can be applied to the workplace. Helps managers understand basic needs of employees so they can effectively provide them and identify areas where employees may be demotivated.

Question 7

What are Maslows basic needs in order?

Answer 7

Physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation.

Question 8

Vroom

Answer 8

Calculation of employee motivation based on expectancy (whether they believe they can complete the task), instrumentality (whether they think a valued outcome will be received), valence (value they place on the reward)

Question 9

Vroom numerical value

Answer 9

Closer to 0 - demotivated, closer to 1 - motivated.

Question 10

Drucker

Answer 10

Labour is most important asset of an organisation and taking an interest in employees and training them effectively is very important.

Question 11

Locke

Answer 11

Goal setting theory, objectives should be set based on five principles.

Question 12

Locke’s five principles

Answer 12

Clarity (specific and employees understanding), challenge, commitment (employees need ownership), feedback, complexity (employees must not feel ‘out of their depth and have resources)

Question 13

Peters

Answer 13

An organisation should try to pursue excellence from all employees.

Question 14

Motivation

Answer 14

A strong desire to act in a particular way and to achieve a certain result.

Question 15

Drawbacks of McClelland’s theory

Answer 15

• Employees may not necessarily be motivated by what their needs suggest.
• the behaviour of one employee in achieving their needs may negatively affect others e.g an employee who is power driven becoming too controlling.

Question 16

Drawbacks of Herzberg’s theory

Answer 16

• Workers may be categorise factors in different ways e.g pay may be highly motivating.
• Some people may be both motivated and demotivated by both factors.
• It may be a challenge to enrich and empower low skilled workers.

Question 17

Limitations of Maslow’s theory

Answer 17

• Some employees may not require these needs to be met at work.
• Challenge to identify and meet the needs of every employee.
• Needs may be hierarchical for some employees e.g social over safety.

Question 18

Limitations of Vroom’s theory

Answer 18

• Values are subject to opinion
• Costs of financial rewards
• Doesn’t work in all contexts e.g where performance cannot be measured.

Question 19

Limitations of Druker’s ideas

Answer 19

• Relies on good leadership and effective soft skills.
• Some employees won’t be motivated with non monetary methods.

Question 20

Limitations of Locke’s theory

Answer 20

• Employees may work towards goals at the expense of other tasks.
• Setting targets may not work if resources are not provided.
• Goal setting requires regular monitoring and feedback, time consuming.
• Can be demotivating if employee doesn’t reach their goal.