Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
(40 cards)
Motivation and the two components
-The want (context/ do/ etc)
-The degree of want (how badly they want something)
Older components of motivation and psychodynamic… more biological
Freud. Humans are animals motivated by drives: sex and agression. The need builds up until discharged
-Sex: Love, lust and intimacy.
-Aggression: Impulse, desires to exert control over people and environment
Modern Day additions…
-Relatedness to others
-Self preservation
The now accepted components of psychodynamic motivation… more unconscious
Wishes and fears
-Wishes are needs and desires that can be temporarily satisfied or reduce intensity.
-Fears are undesirable states associated with uncomfortable emotions.
Unconscious motivations and their appearance
Often the appearance of a motivation can sometimes be contradictory to what is consciously aimed.
-Abused by alcoholic father, vehemently refuses contact but dates alcoholics.
Implicit motivations: Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
The client is presented with pictures and made to tell the story they see. Unconscious motivations…prediction of long-term entrepreneurial success
Explicit motivations: Indications of underlying motivations by asking
The correlation between self-reported motivations and observed actions has a correlation of 0.
…prediction of conscious motivations
Motivation and behaviourist perspective
Avoids causal implications of motivation.
Operant conditioning, punishment and reward of environment
Also, the internal state of the organism influences actions in environment.
Drive-reduction theories (homeostasis basically)
Motivation occurs from drive and reinforcement.
The deprivation of basic needs forms a state of tension which motivates us.
Primary, secondary and the incentive
Primary and secondary account for the organisation of predicted motivation across the general population.
Incentive is out of the ordinary, unique circumstances
Stimuli activates drive states- some academic person probably
Motivation cognitive
Expectancy-value theory. Our motivations are influenced by what we expect to gain from an action. We are driven more by what we are likely to accomplish than what we actually enjoy.
A sense of competence predicts… also mastery of orientation
Achievement, classroom and self-efficacy
Goal setting theory
Cognitive motivation, the goal in question is different from our state of being. A conscious regulation of human behaviour. Encourages new and old solutions
Maximum job performance is researched using goal setting theory
a) Experiences discrepencies from what he or she wants
b) define specific goals
c) receive continuing feedback
d) foster the belief in achieving the goal
e) high enough goal to be challenging
f) commitment to the goal
Self-determination theory and intrinsic motivation
Edward Deci
Implicit motive
Johnathan Bargh. By association, a person may choose a certain goal in a certain situation. Primed
Humanistic perspective and motivation
People are motivated by growth
Maslows Hierarchy of needs
Humans are motivated to maximise themselves
Evolutionary perspective and motivation
Humans are motivated to maximise reproductive success.
Survive: Stay alive to reproduce successfully
Reproduce: Spread one’s genes
Inclusive fitness: Ensure the success of future genes
Despite culture what is found as a major concept of motivation
Power and Love
Psychosocial needs
Personal and interpersonal motives for achievement, self-esteem, intimacy, and sociability. Less obvious in biological perspectives.
Two components of psychosocial need
-Relatedness to others
-Agency (power, competence, achievement and autonomy)
Relatedness
-Intimacy
-Attachment
-Affiliation
Agency
Even children have desires to be autonomous and effective. Providing evidence that it is a natural and universal motivation.
-Achievement
-Power
-Competence
-Autonomy
-Self-esteem (as seen through the perspectives)
