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Motivation and Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Intrinsic Factor

A

when someone is motivated by factor’s doing things for themselves

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2
Q

Extrinsic Factor

A

when someone is motivated by external factors versus internal IE wanting to impress someone else or demonstrate her success to prove her capabilities to someone else

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3
Q

the schacter singer theory

A

combines cognition and physiological response to create an emotion (example the emotion we experience is the result of the label we apply if we cry at a wedding its happy tears if we cry at a funeral its the emotion of sadness)

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4
Q

opponent process theory

A

in studies with addiction a user starts to take increasingly more and more of a drug to be able to feel the same affect (example building tolerance as an alcoholic means you need progressively more alcohol to feel the affect)

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5
Q

is tissue damage a symptom of chronic stress

A

your body will become incredibly tense and start to fall apart

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6
Q

what does the hypothalamus do?

A

regulates homeostasis

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7
Q

what aids in memory

A

hippocampus

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8
Q

what does the amygdala

A

regulates/processes fear and aggression

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9
Q

what does the pineal gland do

A

regulates most hormones to be secreted

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10
Q

type A personality

A

competitiveness, a sense of time urgency, showing signs of stress faster (example me) they seek jobs or tasks that demand something of them

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11
Q

type B personality

A

Not competitive, time is less of an importance, generally easy going attitude (Talulah) type B avoid jobs that demand more of them

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12
Q

who first noticed the interaction between the brain and motivation

A

Olds and Milner

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13
Q

what is it called when rats press a bar in order to send a small electrical pulse into areas of the brain which would stimulate happiness in their brain

A

inter-cranial self stimulation these shocks were placed in the limbic system particularly the nucleus accumbens

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14
Q

What is instinct theory

A

determined that organisms are motivated to act in whatever means necessary to survive (example predatory animals will react to movement in their surroundings to protect themselves from danger

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15
Q

arousal theory

A

the main reason people are motivated to perform any action is to maintain the ideal pshyiological level of arousal

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16
Q

opponent process theory

A

relevant to the concept of addiction everyone has an ideal level of effort they are willing to put towards any task (IE motivation) when they find a stimulus that makes them feel good their level of motivational effort to achieve it again becomes much higher

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17
Q

drive reduction theory

A

psychological needs put stress on the body and we are inherently motivated to reduce the stress by reducing the stress we return to a sense of homeostasis drive reduction is specifically negative experience

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18
Q

the difference between homeostasis and drive reduction

A

homeostasis is where drive reduction wants to be

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19
Q

what does the limbic system control?

A

dopamine

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20
Q

what is the nucleus acumbus for?

A

Pleasure related dopamine (opponent process theory)

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21
Q

yerkes dodson law

A

optimal level of arousal (example being in a stressful experience with a calm perspective still getting a little bit of adrenaline boost (example taking the SAT while relaxed)

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22
Q

leptin

A

involved in the feedback loop between the stomach and the hypothalamus (hunger hormone)

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23
Q

what organ produces insulin

A

pancreas

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24
Q

le doux

A
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25
Q

what does the thalamus do?

A

the thalamus is the relay center

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26
Q

lazarus

A

figuring out how dangerous a situation is by working around how to cope with the stressful situation (example you see your ex at a party and figure out how to cope with seeing them there)

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27
Q

self efficacy

A

the belief that you can accomplish things, feeling competent (example if I want to get away from my ex I can just get in my car and drive away)

28
Q

approach approach conflict

A

needing to decide between two desirable options (example A high school senior trying to decide between two colleges when they like both of them in different ways)

29
Q

approach avoidance conflict

A

Only one choice is shown but there are pros and cons (example a program looks incredible and could help with lifelong connections but you hate flying and the program is extremely expensive)

30
Q

avoidance avoidance conflict

A

The need to choose between two unpleasant outcomes so there is no preferred option just two less interesting ones to choose from (example flying to get somewhere and needing to be in an old plane or driving somewhere with a car that is known for breaking down

31
Q

double approach avoidance

A

Many options are available but they all have pros and cons example trying to find the right sunscreen for nepal some are great and still will not stop your face from getting burned and some others are the opposite when choosing one sunscreen out of a lot that works but is not ideal is when someone is using a double approach avoidance conflict.

32
Q

Maslows Hierarchy of needs

A

physiological, Safety, Belonging and love, esteem, and self actualization

33
Q

richard lazarus

A

created a cognitive theory about how we respond to stress. In his approach someone looks at an event and determines whether or not it is stressful this is called primary appraisal

34
Q

james lange

A

believed environmental stimuli cause physiological changes and responses, not simultaneously but through a formula of stimulus, physiological response, then the experience of emotion. Also according to james lange the experience of emotion is a result of a physiological change (example if an argument makes you angry it is the feeling of an increased heart rate that prompts the experience of emotion

35
Q

cannon bard

A

cannon believed that the physiological response to an emotion and the experience of emotion happen at the same time in response to an emotion provoking stimulus (example someone sees a spider and the emotion provoking stimulus would get to the thalamus which then creates the emotions of fear while also making someone’s heart rate increase or having the desire to run

36
Q

le doux dual pathway

A

some emotions are felt before being cognitively appraised. The amygdala’s position relative to the thalamus may account for the quick emotional response

37
Q

maslows hierarchy of needs (belonging)

A

The need and desire to feel connected and feel care and love (example sandy is motivated to eat only vegan meals to fit in with her friends and then when she eats vegan food she feels accepted)

38
Q

evolutionary theory

A

animals are motivated to act by basic needs critical to their survival (example for a cat to survive it needs food water and sleep and for it to produce offspring it needs to have reproductive behavior

39
Q

who is paul ekman?

A

he Observed facial expressions from many cultures and found no matter where two different people are from, they still have almost identical expressions of certain emotions

40
Q

why is stress bad in higher levels

A

stress in higher levels can actively cause things like higher risk of heart attacks or other painful diseases (example a study looked at accountants and monitored their health the study found all the accountants had much higher levels of risk of heart attack in the weeks right before tax day)

41
Q

why might instinct theory be misguided?

A

because the presence of a tendency does not always mean that tendency should be there

42
Q

incentive

A

the positive or negative stimuli which entice us or totally repel us (food

43
Q

optimal arousal theory

A

we are motivated to avoid boredom and stress at the same time

44
Q

self actualization

A

the complete realization of one’s potential and the full development of one’s abilities and appreciation for life (living to your highest potential)

45
Q

the three biggest motivators

A

sex, hunger, and the need to belong

46
Q

ghrelin role?

A

hunger hormone

47
Q

what four primary theories explain the link between neurophysiology and motivated behavior

A

Instinct theory, Arousal theory, opponent process theory, and drive reduction theory

48
Q

what system plays important rule in dopamine?

A

the limbic system specifically reward seeking behavior

49
Q

palatability

A

the better the taste the more someone will want to consume it

50
Q

insulin

A

a hormone produced by the pancreas to regulate levels of glucose when insulin rises glucose decreases

51
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

predominately in women characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight even if someone has a significantly low body weight

52
Q

body dysmorphia

A

distorted body image is the key to understanding this disorder

53
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

alternating periods of binging food and purging food if there is no purging or over exercising it is likely to be a binge eating disorder

54
Q

what is stimulated when the hypothalamus has the motivation to reproduce

A

the pituitary gland creates androgen and estrogen

55
Q

over justification effect

A

over time our intrinsic motivation may decrease if we receive extrinsic rewards (example man plays the violin and loves to do so for fun, when he is asked to play at a concert and is paid he starts to see violin as more of a job versus a hobby)

56
Q

what did henry murray believe

A

He believed that even though motivation is rooted in biology individual differences and not similar environments can cause motivation and needs to be expressed in different ways he believed these needs could be broken down into 20 specific types

57
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

people are motivated to reduce tension created by conflicting thoughts or choices

58
Q

Kurt lewin conflict types

A

Approach-Approach, Avoidance-Avoidance, Approach-Avoidance, multiple approach avoidance

59
Q

what is the ego

A

attempting to balance between the id and superego

60
Q

freuds stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

61
Q

displacement mechanism of anger

A

take it out on something less threatening displacing your anger protecting psyche

62
Q

repression

A

you bury it into the unconscious and do not remember it whatsoever

63
Q

reaction formation

A

doing the opposite of what’s really happening (example someone is gay and because they feel ashamed of being gay they actively speak ill of anyone who is a homesexual)

64
Q

sublimation

A

needing to channel a part of your body that feels anger and channeling it into something socially acceptable (example playing the drums to make loud noises and use violent movement)

65
Q

rationalization

A

giving an explanation/excuse for your actions in order to defend the internal factors (example I am so sorry I got mad at you I just had a hard time at work)

66
Q

compensation

A
67
Q
A

Psych Personal (5 decks)

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