Motivation

Question 1

what is loss aversion theory

Answer 1

people prefer to avoid losing something than to acquire its equivalent gain

Question 2

4 dichotomies of motivation

Answer 2

1. situational vs general
2. positive vs negative
3. short term vs sustained motivation
4. intrinsic vs extrinsic

Question 3

problems with extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

• short lived
• reinforcement theory: behabiour exists only when reward does
• satiation effects: the more we get the less it matters
• dependence breeds reactance: looking back we arent satisfied enough - leads to opposition
• line of sight problem: if we dont see the extrinsic motivator then its unlikely to be effective

Question 4

5 theories of motivation

Answer 4

1. maslows heirarchy of needs
2. three needs theory
3. goal setting theory
4. equity theory
5. expectancy theory

Question 5

what is heirachy of needs

Answer 5

motication is driven by needs

1. self actualization
2. esteem
3. social
4. safety
5. physiological

Question 6

what is mcclelland’s 3 needs theory

Answer 6

motivation driven by needs but with respect to others

• need for power
• need for achievement
• need for affiliation

Question 7

what is motivation hygiene theory

Answer 7

intrinsic factors -> higher motivation and satisfaction

extrinsic factors -> dissatisfaction

Question 8

what is goal setting theory

Answer 8

the properties of the task iteself drives motivation no matter what the task is. Goals must be:

• specific
• diffcult
• give feedback to people
• well understood
• goal set together

Question 9

what is equity theory

Answer 9

people are mptivated by the relative value of external rewards (social comparison). Fairness and justice are the key to motivation

Question 10

what is expectancy theory

Answer 10

belief that motivation is rational and you have control over how you perform

• effort: working harder improves outcome
• performance: if i meet goal i will get a reward
• outcome: offered reward is something that i value

Question 11

what is self determination theory

Answer 11

theory of motivation that is to with belief to do with beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and harmful effects of extrinsic motivation.

if people are given choice to do something they are more motivated than if there is some extrinsic reward for it.

Question 12

what is self concordance?

Answer 12

how strong peoples reasons are for persuing a goal alligns with their core values and interests

• if they alligh - more satisfactrion, feel they fit in organisation and perform better
• if they dont - they can still achieve goal but feel work is obligation and feel stress

Question 13

self efficacy theory

Answer 13

individuals belief that they are capable of performing/have necessary skills to complete a task
- higher self efficacy = more engagement in task = better performance + more confidence

Question 14

4 ways to increase self efficacy

Answer 14

1. enactive mastery - higher self efficacy with familiar task
2. vicarious modelling: higher self efficacy if youve seen someone else do it
3. verbal persuation: if someone tells you you can do it
4. arousal: feeling more pumped to do a task

Question 15

what is reinforcement theory

Answer 15

behaviour is determined by its consequences. ie what happens after determes if behaviour is likely to be repeated. so behaviour is determined by environment