Motivation

Question 1

What are the 3 components of motivation?

Answer 1

Intensity
Direction
Persistence

Question 2

What is motivation?

Answer 2

The forces that drive people to do things

Question 3

What are a few fundamental premises of motivation theories/

Answer 3

• Needs ‘energize’ behaviour
• Job design is key
• Cognitive choices drive behaviour
• Goal achievement drives behaviour
• Money Motivates

Question 4

What are Maslow and Alderfers Theories?

Answer 4

Maslow: hierarchy of needs
from low to high:
Physiological
Safety
Relatonships
Esteem
Self Actualization

Alderfers ERG theory slightly modifies the precepts of the theory. Groups needs into Existence, Relatedness, Growth

Question 5

What is McClellands theories of learned needs?

Answer 5

Peoples needs are based on their cumulative life experiences. Come in 3 forms:
Need for Achievement
Need for Affiliation
Need for Power

Question 6

What are the Cognitive Choice Theories of Motivation?

Answer 6

Expectancy Theory-
Parameters of EIV
-Expectancy:Can i perform the action
-Instrumentality: What outcome is the action most likely to yield?
-Valence: What is the value of that outcome to you

Equity theory:
Income should be suitably proportional to work output and quality

Question 7

What should goals be?

Answer 7

SMART

Specific
Measurable
Agreed Upon
Relevant
Time bound

Question 8

What is Herzbergs 2 factor theory?

Answer 8

People are influenced by 1. Hygiene factors, 2. Motivator Factors

The idea is that hygeine factors merely prevent dissatisfaction as opposed to providing satisfaction. Furthermore motivators can create great satisfaction, but the lack of them doesnt create severe dissatisfaction in and of themselves. Poor hygeine factors being present (eg. crap boss, no break time, dirty work) at the same time as motivators (job meaning, culture/social team of work, great pay, benefits) will still result in worker dissatisfaction, even though the motivators are present

Question 9

What is the Job Characteristic Model?

Answer 9

A Model describing jobs as having 5 characteristics which have bearing on how satisfying they are

Question 10

What are the 5 job characteristics?

Answer 10

Task Significance
Task Identity
Skill Variety
Autonomy
Feedback

Question 11

What are the 3 psychological states the 5 Job characteristics are meant to bring?

Answer 11

First 3 Characteristics: Sense of Meaningfulness

Autonomy brings: Responsibility

Feedback brings: Knowledge of Results

Question 12

What is a moderator? What are some moderators

Answer 12

AKA Individual Differences affecting a persons level of motivation for a given task

• Knowledge and Skill (Knowing how to do something well increases motivation)
• Context Satisfaction (work environment)
• Growth Need Strength (motivation if job hits need for growth)