Motivation

Question 1

What were the Hawthorne experiments?

Answer 1

Made changes to a working environment
Turned out that any change made people more efficient - the fact that stuff was changed was more important than the what.

Question 2

Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.

Answer 2

Physiological - Air, food, water, sex, sleep etc.
Security - Safety, shelter, familiarity
Social - Friendship, interaction
Esteem - Respect, status, power
Selfactualisation - Fulfilment, doing and enjoying what you do best

Question 3

McGregor: Theory X & Theory Y

Answer 3

X - People are lazy, do not like working, don’t want responsibility, must be coerced into working
Y - People want to work, enjoy responsibility, commitment is a function of the reward

Question 4

Issues facing working environments regarding motivation?

Answer 4

Ethics
Globalisation
Information overload
Virtual teams
Spirituality & Meaning

Question 5

What is Taylorism?

4 principles

Answer 5

Worked on piece-work (get paid for what you do, not the time investment)

Use scientific methods to find the most efficient method of completing a task
Match workers to a job based on their motivation and ability to complete the job
Monitor performance & provide feedback to increase efficiency
Allocate work between managers and workers so that the workers work, and the managers manage.