Motivation Flashcards
Motivation demonstrated through evaluation of behavior; judged against some standard
Performance
Can do, 1st determinant of behavior. Stable, natural, influences level of behavioral attainment.
Ability
Allowed to do, 2nd determinant of behavior. Environmental support or constraint that encourage or hinder behavior, opportunities
Situational constraints
Willing to do. 3rd determinant of behavior.
Motivation
Maslows need Hierarchy
Fulfillment of lower need must take place before filling higher ranked needs
- basic physical needs
- safety needs
- social needs
- self-esteem needs
- self-actualization needs
What is Alderfers ERG theory? How is it similar and how is it different from Maslows theory?
Difference: Multiple needs can be met at the same time, and can regress to lower needs if higher ones are not met
Similar: existence (fulfills basic physical and safety needs)
Relatedness ( social needs)
Growth (self-actualization needs)
What are the three components of McClelland’s need theory?
- need for achievement
- need for affiliation
- need for power
How do the need for achievement and the need for power differ?
Need for achievement is the desire to attain a realistic and challenging goal.
Need for power is the desire to control or influence others; status prestige
Describe a person with a need for achievement.
A person who is task oriented, who is competitive, prefers clear goals with competent feedback, prefer responsibility, Persistent, hardworking, high energy More accomplished
Describe a person who has high need for power.
Need to be influential Lead and control others behaviors Increase personal status Need for prestige Competitive if situation allows for dominance
Describe a person with need for affiliation.
Desire for social interaction and relationships for others Friendly Need to be liked Need to be accepted Tend to conform to groups
What are the components of reinforcement theory?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and postive punishment?
- Positive reinforcement presents a DESIRED stimulus that INCREASES desired behavior. ( reward)
- Positive punishment presents an AVERSIVE stimulus that DECREASES undesired behavior ( punishment)
What is the difference between negative reinforcement. And negative punishment?
- Negative reinforcement is REMOVING an aversive behavior that INCREASES desired behavior
- Negative punishment is REMOVING a desired stimulus that DECREASES undesired behavior
What is equity theory and its components?
Where you are given more or less based on input
- person, compare oneself to others
- others, comparison of co-workers
- inputs, skills contributions (efforts put in)
- outputs, benefits (bonuses, pay, company car)
- underpayment
What is expectancy theory?
Perceived degree of relationship between how much effort a person expends and the performance that results from that effort.
What are the five parts of expectancy theory?
- Job outcomes; results an employee can experience
- Valences; feelings about outcomes
- Instrumentality; perceived relationship between performance and outcome
- Expectancy; perceived relationship between effort and performance
- Force; pressure within employee to be motivated
What is the difference between job outcomes and valences?
- Job outcome is end result an employee can experience.
- Valences refers to the feelings an employee has toward a outcome
What is the difference between instrumentality and expectancy?
The difference between the two is instrumentality is the perceived outcome between performance and outcome. And expectancy is the perceived outcome between effort and performance.
Motivation demonstrated through action
Behavior
What is force within the expectancy theory?
Pressure within the employee to be motivated.
What are the five components of work design theory?
- Skill variety
- Task identity
- Task significance
- Autonomy
- Task feedback
What is the difference between task identity and task significance?
The difference between the two is task significance is the jobs impact on the lives or work of other people (within or outside the organization) and task identity is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work (doing a job from beginning to end with visible results.)
What are the four components of goal setting theory?
Specific; measurable
Challenging but attainable;
Accepted; verbal agreement
Feedback; specific towards the goal
What is the difference between skill variation and autonomy?
Skill variation is the number of different activities, skills and talents that a job requires
Autonomy is the degree of freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining procedures that the job provides.
What is motivation?
Set of energetic forces that originate both within (needs) and external (wants) to a person
What is motivation determined through?
Direction; specific choice of behavior
Intensity; degree of effort
Persistence; length of time/duration ( willingness) in behavior
Five factors of motivation
- Behavior
- Performance
- Ability
- Situational factors
- Motivation
Difference between additive and disjunctive
Additive involves the team, everyone’s contribution to one common goal.
Disjunctive, one person carries everything. One individual sale goal or one person contributes more.
