Motivation Flashcards
What are the broad types of goals?
General, tend to be long term
Specific, tend to be short term
Is it better to have long or short term goals?
It’s better to have a bit of both, long term goals help you have meaning and be organized but too much focus on those might lead to inflexibility on short term goals
What are idiographic goals?
Goals unique to individuals that pursue them
What did Klinger propose? What about Little? What about Emmon?
Klinger proposed current concerns, an ongoing motivation that persists until abandoned or accomplished
Little proposed personal projects, what people actually do and put effort into
Emmon proposed personal strivings, long-term goals that can organize broad areas of a person’s life
How can strivings be a source of difficulty?
When they contradict each other, as Horney put it.
What are nomothetic goals?
Small number of essential motivations that almost everyone pursues.
What are the Big 3 in motivation?
Need for achievement: striving for excellence
Affiliation: finding and maintaining close emotional relationships
and power: feeling strong and influencing others
What are the big 5 of motivation?
Needs that map onto the Big 5, exploration, defense, organization, cooperation and understanding.
What are the Big 2 in motivation?
Goals related to work and to social interaction.
What are the name of the goals Dweck came up with?
Judgement goals: seeking to judge or validate an attribute in oneself
Development goals: seeking to improve oneself
What patterns do the goals Dweck came up with result?
Development goal -> mastery-oriented pattern
Judgement goal -> helpless pattern
Which personal constructs lead to which goal Dweck talked about?
Entity theories -> judgement goal
Incremental theories -> development goal
What are entity theorists and what are incremental theorists?
One believes personality qualities are unchangeable and tend to blame failure on lack of skills while the other believes personality qualities can change with time and experience and tend to blame failure on lack of effort
What is a downside of each of the world views presented by Dweck?
Entity : less likely to improve
Incremental : more likely to fail in another task after failing in a previous task
What is the most interesting personality strategy?
Optimism and pessimism.
What is a similarity between optimists and pessimists?
Both motivate behaviour and both are valid coping mechanisms.
What are defensive pessimists?
People that expect the worst so they can be pleasantly surprised when it doesn’t happen.
What are two questions that arise when thinking about optimism/pessimism?
How general are the strategies? (generally consistent but leaves room for different use in different situations)
Which is better? (too much optimism leads to carelessness and ignoring social connections, pessimism is more adaptive but too much pessimism leads to a gloom outlook in life)
