Motivation Flashcards
What is motivation?
Motivation is generally defined as the ‘will to achieve’
It’s the external and internal factors that arouse a person to carry out a task with enthusiasm.
Types of motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation
This is where something is done for external rewards or to avoid negative consequences.
Ex:
- pay
- promotions
- employee of the month
- bonus
Intrinsic Motivation
This is when you do something because you enjoy it or find it interesting.
Factors that stimulate and influence motivation
Individual Needs
- these include our basic needs and we are driven by our desire to fulfill them.
Self Motivation
- there is a drive to perform without external influences
Ability to make choices
- people want the autonomy to operate at work and be involved in decision making
Environmental Opportunities
- the environment should offer the opportunity for personal growth and promotion.
Theories of Motivation
Content Theories
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Process Theories
- Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
- Adam’s Equity Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs
An individuals needs will influence his/her behaviour
The greater the need, the greater will be its influence on the individual’s behaviour
- each level of needs must be acquired or fulfilled before the individual can move on to a higher need
- lower level needs must be fulfilled in order for the higher level needs to be accomplished
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (top to bottom)
- Self Actualization
- Esteem Needs
- Social Needs
- Safety Needs
- Physiological Needs
Physiological Needs
- Basic needs in life inclusive of food, water, clothing and shelter
- Employees desire the means to acquire these basic needs by working in an organization
-to fulfill these needs some organizations provide subsidized lunches, housing solutions, and concession on motor vehicle purchases among other rewards
Safety Needs
- individuals desire to be in a safe and secure physical and emotional environment.
- these needs include job security, stability, freedom from fear or threat, being treated fairly and avoidance of pain.
- the firm should provide security guards, a safe environment and protect workers from harmful substances
Social Needs
- employees want to feel accepted by their peers, to be loved, to have lasting friendships and to be part of groups
- they yearn to socialize with their coworkers and have good relationships with both peers and supervisors
- firms could have social events at work, promote group work and have good labor-management relations
Esteem Needs
- these needs include a desire to have a positive self image, status, be recognized and appreciated by others
- workers want to be recognized and credited for any contribution given to the organization
- firms should provide for these needs by recognizing the contributions of employees through promotions, award ceremonies and bonuses
Self Actualization Needs
◦ This is where employees feel a sense of self fulfillment
◦ The employee desires to reach his/her full potential while increasing the level of competence at the task being completed
◦ Managers can help employees to fulfill this need by providing additional training for employees whether on-the-job or off-the-job through scholarships
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
