Motivation Flashcards
What is the definition of motivation?
Motivation is all the factors influencing how people behave.
What are 4 of the factors influencing how people behave?
Financial incentives, non-financial incentives, individual character, desire to achieve a goal.
Motivated employees will be engaged employees. What are engaged employees?
Engaged employees are those who are fully committed to their goals and strive to help the business achieve its vision.
What are 5 reasons why we want engaged employees?
Less likely to call in sick, more likely to have a high level of productivity, less likely to pass on negative word of mouth, more likely to share their ideas, more likely to stay in the job.
How many categories can theories of motivation be split into?
Two.
What are these two categories?
Content and process.
What is the definition of the content category?
Identifies the specific needs that motivate employees and change these needs over time.
What two theories of motivation fit into the content category?
Herzberg’s Dual Factor Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
What is the definition of the process category?
Describes and analyses how an employee’s behaviour affects motivation based on expectations, goals and perception of equity.
What two theories of motivation fit into the process category?
Locke’s Goal Setting Theory and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory.
What is the definition of Herzberg’s Dual Factor Theory?
In 1959, Herzberg proposed the ‘Dual Factor Theory’. It suggests that there are two sets of factors that influence job satisfaction: hygiene factors and motivators.
What are hygiene factors?
If hygiene factors are present they don’t lead to motivation, however if they are absent they can lead to dissatisfaction.
What are 5 examples of hygiene factors?
Job security, workplace relationships, work conditions, pay and benefits, company policy.
What are motivational factors?
If motivational factors are present they lead to job satisfaction and therefore, motivation.
What are 5 examples of motivational factors?
Recognition, achievement, promotion, growth, work responsibility.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is based on seeing human needs as being placed in an order, each needs to be fulfilled before moving onto the next.
What are the 5 needs in order of lowest to highest?
Physiological needs, safety and security needs, love and belonging needs, self esteem needs, self actualisation needs.
What are 3 examples of physiological needs?
Water, food, shelter.
What are 3 examples of safety and security needs
Health, employment, stability.
What is 1 example of love and belonging needs?
Connections.
What are 3 examples of self-esteem needs?
Achievements, respect, confidence.
What are 4 examples of self-actualisation needs?
Creativity, purpose, morality, meaning.
Which are the higher order needs?
Self-esteem and self-actualisation.
Which are the lower order needs?
Physiological, safety and security and love and belonging.
What is Locke’s Goal Setting Theory?
Locke’s Goal Setting Theory states that specific, challenging goals motivate employees more than generic, easy goals.
Locke’s Theory: What does the effectiveness of goals depend on?
Clarity, challenge, commitment, feedback, task complexity.
What is Vroom’s Expectancy Theory?
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory believes that employees will be motivated to behave in a set manner based on what they believe the outcome will be. Individuals will have different desires, but ultimately, their performance will be affected by the ability to achieve desired rewards.
What 3 elements is Vroom’s Expectancy Theory based on?
Valence, Expectancy and Instrumentality.
What is Valance?
The reward and degree of desire for the reward.
What is Expectancy?
The belief in the relationship between performance and rewards.
What is Instrumentality?
The belief that the desired outcome is obtainable and will be rewarded.
