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Motivation Flashcards

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GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

motivation

A

a person’s willingness to exert physical mental effort for a goal which gives purpose or direction to behavior.

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2
Q

motives can be…

A

physiological, personal, or social

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3
Q

motivation

A

energized, directed, and sustained

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4
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

explains motivation for effort justification

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5
Q

what does cognitive dissonance result in?

A

finding an activity that provides a less tangible reward more enjoyable than one that provides a larger reward.

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6
Q

what is an example of a motive?

A

a hypothetical state within an organism that drives it toward a goal and is disclosed in terms of needs, drives, and incentives.

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7
Q

what is the difference between a need and a drive?

A

a need is a state of deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.

Drive is an arousal state that occurs because of a psychological need.

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8
Q

what is an example between a need and drive?

A

not having water (need)
thirsty (drive)

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9
Q

what rises an incentive?

A

not everything that could potentially elimate a drive is sought. not everything is seen as an incentive.

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10
Q

what is an incentive?

A

an object, person, or situation perceived as capable of satisfying a need.

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11
Q

what is self-regulation?

A

setting goals, plan to implement goals, and monitor the process of these goals.

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12
Q

What is the instinct theory?

A

we have inherited dispositions that activate specific behavioral patterns that are designed to reach certain goals. this SHOULD fit all of the cultures in the world.

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13
Q

what is the problem with the instinct theory?

A

does not explain acquired needs or learned needs or desires.

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14
Q

What is the drive-reduction?

A

homeostasis. (organisms learn to engage in behaviors that are designed to reduce drive) because we don’t like to be stressed.

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15
Q

example of drive-reduction

A

eat as you become hungry to decrease hunger. On thanksgiving, fasting in-between meals that increases our drive. Eat when not hungry is not an example of the theory of motivation.

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16
Q

Maslow motivation

A

Motivation is the result of human focusing in satisfying lower needs before higher needs.

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17
Q

What are the stages of Maslow?

A

1) physiological
2) safety
3) love/belongingness
4) esteem
5) self-actualization

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18
Q

physiological

A

food, water, shelter, air, sleep, clothing, reproduction.

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19
Q

safety

A

security, employment, resources

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20
Q

love/ belongingness

A

friendship, intimacy, family, connection

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21
Q

esteem

A

needs to be respected, achieve self-esteem, and be recognized

22
Q

self-actualization

A

full potential, best we can be, express unique capabilities.

23
Q

cognitive theory of motivation

A

we represent the world mentally, as a result we try to understand the world to predict and control events.

24
Q

why is the cognitive theory of motivation criticized?

A

it relies on unobservable mental representatives concepts instead off observable behaviors.

25
Q

hunger

A

chewing and swallowing, stomach, hunger panes, hypothalamus.

26
Q

what is the ventromedial hypothalamus?

A

red light. it reduces hunger and restricted eating.

hyperphagic–> excessive eating

27
Q

what is the lateral hypothalamus?

A

green light. it is the start eating center.

aphecic—> under eating

28
Q

insulin

A

secreted from pancreas to control blood glucose

29
Q

leptin

A

a chemical substance as a protein in releases by fat cells & decreases food intake and increase metabolism

30
Q

orexin

A

hypothalamus triggers it and its and hunger trigger hormone.

31
Q

ghereline

A

hormone secreted by an empty stomalin that sends “I’m hungry” signals to the brain.

32
Q

unnecessary hunger is caused by

A

sight, aroma, boredom, depression, anxiety, and learned association.

33
Q

weight watcher

A

program that improves nutrients knowledge, decrease calorie intake, exercise, and habit health.

34
Q

stimulus seeking is…

A

the result of stimulus motives or motive to increase the stimulation impinging upon us.

35
Q

what does sensory deprivation lead to?

A

boredom, disorientation, and have a hard time focusing on problem solving tasks. This is why we have the desire to manipulate our environments either to reduced primary drives prevent sensory deprivation.

36
Q

masters and Johnson

A

studied sexual motivation and sexual response. invited couples to come into the lab and have sex.

37
Q

what are the stages of sex?

A

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

38
Q

excitement

A

the beginning stage of erratic responses and body arousal.

39
Q

plateau

A

pause in physiological arousal and peak in orgasm stage.

40
Q

resolution

A

stage returns to homeostasis

41
Q

refectory stage

A

men. time period between orgasms that varies between age, fatigue, and health.

42
Q

estrogen

A

sex hormone, secreted by females and plays a role in a female’s menstruation cycle and significantly impacts puberty.

43
Q

testosterone

A

most important sex hormone. extra testosterone stimulates growth of male sec organs on fetus and develops male sex characteristics in puberty.

44
Q

achievement

A

motivation to such that is driven by performance or learning goals. plays a role in fulfilling esteem and self-actualization needs.

45
Q

affiliation

A

the desire to associate or connect with a group.

46
Q

anxiety raises…

A

the needs to affiliate with others.

47
Q

what is the social comparison theory?

A

suggests that we look to others for cues on how to behave in unfamiliar or confusing situations.

48
Q

aggression

A

defined with the intent to harm physically or mentally.

49
Q

what is now true about aggression?

A

It is not as important as the capacity to outwit our opponents.

50
Q

psychodynamic/ freudian

A

aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to frustrating parts of life.
motivated by aggression, but unaware of its influence.

51
Q

cognitive perspective

A

people who believe that aggression is justified and necessary are more likely to behave aggressively and the opposite for those who believe in opposite views.

frustration and discomfort may trigger unpleasant feelings that prompt aggression.

52
Q

learning perspective

A

aggression is acquired through reinforcement. Albert Bandura. BOBO DOLL experiment

psych (3 decks)

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