Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The psychological process we invoke to explain both activation and goal-directedness of some behaviors
Not directly observed but inferred
Performing an action directed towards is attributed to motivation
Motivation can be aroused by:
Homeostasis, internal balance: hunger
External Simulation: presence of food

Question 2

Incentive Motivation

Answer 2

How motivated an individual is by the value of the incentives

Question 3

Incentive Contrast

Answer 3

Incentive value depends on the individuals experiences with the incentive and wheter its value changes

Question 4

Hill-Climbing

Answer 4

A method of adjusting behavior based on successive comparisons of one’s current situation
Most simple form is kineses: movement guided by feedback from successive comparisons of one’s position
Ex: bacteria finding food

Question 5

Continuous Reinforcement

Answer 5

Consequence for each occurrence of the target behavior

Question 6

Schedules of Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement

Answer 6

Instances of the target behavior are followed by the consequence. Ratio Schedules, Interval Schedules

Question 7

Post-reinforcement Pause

Answer 7

The “break” refers to a pause for a period of time after the presentation of each consequence
The longer the interreinforcement interval the longer to PRP

Question 8

Fixed Ratio

Answer 8

The number of times that target behavior must occur is constant across successive reinforcers

Question 9

Fixed Interval

Answer 9

The first occurrence of the target behavior after a specific interval of time gas elapsed will procude the consequence. The interval time remains constant

Question 10

Variable Ratio

Answer 10

Perform the target behavior a certain number of time but that number varies around a certain average

Question 11

Variable Interval

Answer 11

The first occurrence of the target behavior after a specific interval of time gas elapsed will produce the consequence. The interval time varies around a certain average

Question 12

Resistance to Extinction

Answer 12

How long it takes to cease the behavior after it is no longer reinforced

Question 13

Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement

Answer 13

When two or more different schedules of partial reinforcement are running concurrently and the individual can choose which to work on at any given time