motivation Flashcards
motivation
reasons or factors that push individuals to get reach a certain goal
why a motivated workforce is important
low absenteeism
high productivity
low labor turnover
workers are more prepared to accept responsibility
impact of poorly motivated workforce
high absenteeism
accidents and carelessness
poor performance
labor turnover
How to improve output per worker or productivity– F.W Taylor’s scientific approach
1 Select workers to perform a task.
2 Observe them performing the task and note the key elements of it.
3 Record the time taken to do each part of the task.
4 Identify the quickest method recorded.
5 Train all workers
6 Supervise workers to
7 Pay workers on the basis of results – based on the theory of economic man.
how Taylors theory helps today
recruitment specialization monitoring workers studying work methods pays systems
Elton mayo- the Hawthorne effect
The Hawthorn Effect states that your productivity changes when someone is watching you
4 reasons why motivation is affected according to mayo
■ Changes in working conditions and financial rewards have little or no effect on productivity.
■ When management consult with workers and take an interest in their work, then motivation is improved.
■ Working in teams and developing a team spirit can improve productivity.
■ When some control over their own working lives is given to workers, such as deciding when to take breaks, there is a positive motivational effect.
■ Groups can establish their own targets or norms and these can be greatly influenced by the informal leaders of the group
Self-actualisation
a sense of self-fulfilment reached by feeling enriched and developed by what one has learned and achieved.
MASLOW hierarchy of needs
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how needs may be satisfied at work
Self-actualisation– fulfilment of potential
challenging work that stretches the individual– this will give a sense of achievement; opportunities to develop and apply new skills will increase potential
Esteem needs- recognition for work done well– status, advancement and responsibility will gain the respect of others
Social needs- working in teams or groups and ensuring good communication to make workers feel involved
Safety needs- a contract of employment with some job security– a structured organisation that gives clear lines of authority to reduce uncertainty; ensuring health and safety conditions are met
Physical needs- income from employment high enough to meet essential needs
limitations of Maslow’s approach
■ Not everyone has the same needs as is assumed by the hierarchy.
■ In practice it can be very difficult to identify the degree to which each need has been met and which level a worker is on.
■ Money is necessary to satisfy physical needs, yet it might also play a role in satisfying the other levels of needs, such as status and esteem.
Herzberg and the 2 factor theory
■ those factors that led to them having very good feelings about their jobs
■ those factors that led to them having very negative feelings about their jobs
motivators: characteristics associated with Job satisfaction resulted from five main factors
- achievement
- recognition for achievement
- the work itself
- responsibility
- advancement.
‘hygiene factors’: characteristics associated with Job dissatisfaction resulted from five main factors
- company policy and administration
- supervision
- salary
- relationships with others
- working conditions.
McClelland 3 main needs for motivation theory
- need for achievement
- need for power or authority
- need for affiliation
