Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perception Block 10 > Motion Perception > Flashcards

Motion Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Changes in ____ can lead to perception of motion

A

Spatial distribution of light, over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Motion is processed along a specialized visual pathways, ______

A

The dorsal processing stream, can use for dx of neural problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When spatially separated lights sequentially flashed with an appropriate interval between flashes, a sense of motion is elicited, called as

A

Stroboscopic motion or phi phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What uses stroboscopic motion

A

Movies, television, and computer monitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Frames of movies

A

Presented at a temporal rate that creates the illusion of smooth motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Motion pictures generally present ____ diff images per second

A

24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Each image of a motion picture is displayed three consecutive times, for a total of ____ presentations per second

A

72

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The movie would slicker if the presentation rate is ____ the CFFF

A

Below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

As sinusoidal grating is phase shifted over time, to produce a grating that appears to drift of move in a given direction. These stimuli which consist of linear exchange of light or dark, are referred to as

A

First order stimuli for motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Both stroboscopic stimuli and sine wave gratings are used to study ____ processing

A

Local motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A bright stimulus that moves across he visual field, the stimulus sequentially _____ the receptive fields of visual neuron in its path

A

Activates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neurons that respond at differnt latencies

A

When the stimulus us moving at the proper speed, the slower neurons, which are stimulated first, respond at the same point in time as the faster neurons, which are stimulated later. If these responses are added together, the resulting signal could encode stimulus speed and direction. Neurons capable of encoding certain aspects of motion have been found in the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the latenices of the two differnt neurons from0-20 degrees tell us

A

By the time a neuron has been excited, the second one has already been excited but in a differnt location. This gives us the speed and location of the stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

More complex first order stimuli that require the integration of motion cues across a wide expanse of visual space cen be presented with

A

Random dot kinematograms

-humans do remarkably well on this task, manifesting coherence threshold close to 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Defined as the smalles percent coherence that results in the perception of motion in a defines direction

A

Coherence threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the coherent threshold for humans

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The minimum distance dots must move in a given direction to elicit the perception of motion

A

Minimum displacement threshold (Dmin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The max distaance the dots can move and still elicit motion perception

A

Maximum displacement threshold (Dmax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Random dot kinematogram is more complicated than stroboscopic and sine wave stimuli. More complicated because the visual system must integrate information from many dots over a broad expanse of the retina involving higher level cortical motion centers

A

Global motion perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Example of global processing

A

Random dots
Gas molecules
Blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Example of local processing

A

Lights moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Degree of correlation as an indicator of motion sensitivity

A

Correlated motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When the striped patterns are seen through three circular apertures, they appear to all be moving in the same direction- up and to the left

A

Aperture problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is aperture problem local or global

A

Local

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When the three rectangles are visible, their _____ provide clear motion cues that help your visual system interpret the true motion of the stripes within the circular apertures

A

Edges

Global

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Without the edges (global motion)

A

Your visual system finds the simplest explanation for the local motion of the stripes within the circular apertures, that they are all moving up and to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What kind of cues help your visual system to resolve locally ambiguous motion

A

Global motion cues like an edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Motion aftereffect

A
  • when viewing a stationary scene, the various neurons responses cancel each other out, so that not motion is perceived
  • when it starts moving, neurons sensitive to certain directional motion will increase their firing rate, leading to the perception of motion in that direction
  • after you watch the motion for long enough, the neurons will become fatuigued
  • when you stop the motion, the neurons will fire in a slowerrate compared to the neuron in opposite direction, causing the drifting (MAE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does interocular transfer prove

A

That motions detectors are not in the retina as information from two eyes are combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Are motion detectors in the retina?

A

No, the interocular transfer proves this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Motion induced blindness

A

Sometimes the brain ignores what the eyes tell it

  • left hemisphere suppresses sensory info that conflicts with its idea of what the world should be like
  • right hemisphere is the cautious deveils advocate, what you should actually be seeing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Motion perception for more complex stimuli, such as texture-defined contours is called ______ motion stimuli

A

Second order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pathways for 1st and second order stimuli

A

Different pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The fact that almost all humans can perceive second order motion is a strong indicator of what

A

The visual system does not simply track objects posterior over time to calculate movements, as this display demonstrates (since there are no objects to track)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Highe velocity information processing

A

Magno pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Low velocity information processing

A

Parvo pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Visual area 5, MT, V5

A

Magno

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Motion processing

A

Magno

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where system

A

Magno

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Dorsal pathway-parietal

A

Magno

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Motion perception-global stimuli

A

Magno

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Impertinent to magno

A

Akinetopsia

43
Q

Visual area V1-V2-V4

A

Parvo

44
Q

Object poreccsing

A

Parvo

45
Q

What system

A

Parvo

46
Q

Ventral pathway-temporal

A

Parvo

47
Q

Object perception (faces)

A

Parvo

48
Q

Impariment in parvo

A

Can’t recognize objects

49
Q

Color detection

A

Parvo

50
Q

Black and white processing

A

Magno

51
Q

Direction, contrast, orientation, and speed

A

Magno

52
Q

There is evidence that the natural movements of humans and other animals, _______, may be processed differently than other forms of motion

A

Biological motion

53
Q

Function magentetic resonance imaging reveals the cortical _________ is activated when viwewing biological motion, but not artificial motion

A

Posterior superior temporal sulcus (STC)

54
Q

Another name for apparent motion

A

Illusional

55
Q

Under certain isoluminatnt conditions, the perception of motion is ______, it may be weak or slower than the actual movement of the bars

A

Impaired

-adding luminance contrast improves the perception of motion

56
Q

What part of the brain lit up when testing motion coherence

A

mediotemporal

57
Q

Magno pathway leaders to ______ perception, which leads to ____ motion

A

Motion

Rapid

58
Q

Where does all the info go to processing and distributed from

A

V1

59
Q

Central stream

A

V1,2,3

60
Q

Dorsal stream

A

MT

61
Q

Isoluminant

A

Same luminance

62
Q

Why is perception of motion impaired under isoluminant colors?

A

Since color and motion are different streams, the isoluminant colors will not help us determine the direction of motion

63
Q

Color is a poor stimuli for

A

Magno

64
Q

Color is good for

A

Parvo

65
Q

Higher temporal resolution

A

Magno

66
Q

More sensitive to low lights

A

Magno

67
Q

Monochromatic

A

Magno

68
Q

What cells are connected to magno

A

Rods

69
Q

Smaller RF, so better spatial resolution

A

Parvo

70
Q

Selective forcolor

A

Parvo

71
Q

What cells are connected to parvo

A

Cones

72
Q

High contrast with motion always looks for _____ to determine the motion

A

Edge

73
Q

High contrast vs low contrast edge

A

When it is low contrast, you can see the edge and it appears to move I’m steps, high contrast looks like they are moving step by step

74
Q

The edge information is only contained in ______ and the magno cannot see it

A

Color

75
Q

Objects appear to move ______ under rod mediated vision than under one mediated vision

A

Slower

-reason you need headlights on when driving at night

76
Q

Under mesopic conditions, where bothrods and cones are both active, motion perception is impaired because

A

An incomplete integration of rod and cone signals

77
Q

What effect does the velocity of a moving stimulus have on VA

A

As stimulus velocity increases, resolution acuity remains relatively constant up till 60-80 d/s
Beyond this velocity, the dynamic VA deteriorates

78
Q

The reduction in dynamic visual acuity as target velocity increases is apparently due to the inability to accurately follow the stimulus with tracking (or following) eye movements, referred to as

A

Smooth eye pursuits

79
Q

There is evidence that higher dynamic visual acuity is associated with __________ while driving

A

Improved ability to detect hazardous situations

80
Q

Reason we dont see blurring during smooth pursuits

A

Saccadic suppression

81
Q

The ballistic eye movement between two fixation points is referred to as a

A

Saccadic eye movement

82
Q

Note that as you move your eyes from finger to finger or from any object to another object, the visual world remains still and cleat. This is in spite of the movement of images across your retina as you move your eyes

A

Vision is suppressed shortly before, during, and shortly after saccadic eye movments. This phenomenon, called saccadic suppression and saccadic omission, enables us to look from one object to another without smearing. Because magno pathway is sensitivt to high velocity movement, it is presumable suppressed to avoid smearing of vision

83
Q

It is found that neurons, providing eveidence that a primary contributor to saccadic suppression is

A

Extraretinal signal

Magno

84
Q

Saccadic suppression is a

A

Extraretinal signal

Magno

85
Q

What leads to the perception of motion

A

Changes in the spatial distribution of light, over time

86
Q

When we perceive real motion, light slides across the ____

A

Retina

87
Q

Apparent motion depends on two things to create a sense of motion

A

Separation of two stimuli

Appropriate time interval rate

88
Q

Which of the following is a first order stimuli for motion

A

Sine wavegrating

89
Q

Stimuli that consist of a linear exchange of dark and light are used to study

A

First order motion perception

90
Q

Coherence motion thresholds are defined useing

A

Random dot kinematograms

91
Q

As the coherence in a random dot kinetograms increases, the perception of motion

A

Increases

92
Q

Random dot kinematograms are used for

A

Global motion perception

93
Q

When stripped patterns seen through circular apertures appear to be all moving in the same direction, is know as

A

Aperture problem

94
Q

Interocular transfer study proved information from two eyes are

A

Combined

95
Q

The lack of perceived movement as fixation from one point to another is due to suppression of which pathway

A

Magno

96
Q

Which system in the higher order processing integrates information from both magno and parvo

A

V1

97
Q

A persons inability to recognize an object to the impairment of

A

Parvo

98
Q

The movement of slowl moving stimuli encoded by which pathway

A

Parvo

99
Q

Which retinogeniculate pathway processes most input to the dorsal processing

A

Magno

100
Q

Which are of the brain may be specific analyze biological motion

A

Posterior superior temporal sulcus

101
Q

Color is a good stimulus for

A

Parvo

102
Q

When compared to photopic conditions viewed under scoptopic conditions, a stimulus appears

A

25% slower

103
Q

The ability to resolve the moving stimuli is called as

A

Dynamic visual acuity (60-80)

104
Q

Vision suppressed shortly before during shortly aftersaccadic eye movement

A

Saccadic mission

Perception Block 10 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions