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Science 2024 > Motion, Energy, & Newton's Laws > Flashcards

Motion, Energy, & Newton's Laws Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an equation’s use?

A

Equations are used to calculate quantities, using mathematical concepts

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2
Q

What is the equation for average speed?

A

Speed = distance/time

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3
Q

Define speed

A

How fast the position of an object moves over time (scalar quantity)

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4
Q

Why do we use “average speed”?

A

Most things do not travel at a consistent speed (unless they are on cruise control) so average is used

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5
Q

What is instantaneous speed?

A

How fast an object is travelling at a particular moment. ie - reading speed from a speedometer.

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6
Q

Is average speed and speed the same?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What units are speed measured in?

A

m/s (metres per second) or km/h (kilometers per hour)

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8
Q

If something is stationary, it is…

A

Stationary relative to us

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9
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

Numerical value (eg. weight, speed, “70km/h”)

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10
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

Speed and direction (eg. “80km/h going North”)

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11
Q

How to get m/s to km/h?

A

x3.6

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12
Q

How to get km/h to m/s?

A

/3.6

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13
Q

What is velocity?

A

Speed with direction (eg. 5 km/h South)

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14
Q

What is the equation for velocity?

A

Same as speed (s=d/t)

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15
Q

What is the equation for distance?

A

Distance = speed x time

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16
Q

What is the equation for time?

A

Time = distance / speed

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17
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Increasing change in motion, increase in speed

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18
Q

What is deceleration?

A

Decreasing speed

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19
Q

Name types of relevant graphs

A

Distance/Time, Displacement/Time
(and speed/time but not as relevant)

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20
Q

In Distance/Time graph, what does a horizontal line mean?

A

Stationary

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21
Q

In a graph, what does a upward curve mean

A

Accelerating

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22
Q

In Distance/Time graph, what does a leveling curve mean

A

Slowing/stopping

23
Q

In Distance/Time graph, what does a increasing line mean

A

Constant, fast speed

24
Q

In a displacement/time graph, what does a horizontal line mean

A

STATIONARY

25
Q

What is mass?

A

The quantity of matter in a given object

26
Q

What can mass be measured by?

A

Kg, G

27
Q

What is mass vs weight?

A

Weight is mass relative to gravity, mass is amount of matter in object

28
Q

What are forces measured in?

A

N = Newtons

29
Q

What are some examples of forces?

A

Gravity, thrust, friction, elastic tension

30
Q

What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth?

A

Approximately 10m/s/s

31
Q

How many laws did Newton theorize?

A

3

32
Q

What does an object’s inertia depend on?

A

Speed and Mass

33
Q

What is the law of inertia?

A

A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion unless an UNBALANCED force acts upon it

34
Q

What is the law of acceleration?

A

An object travelling in a straight line will continue to do so unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

35
Q

What is the law of interaction?

A

When two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

36
Q

What impacts acceleration?

A

Size of force, mass of object

37
Q

What quantity is acceleration measured in?

A

m/s/s (meters per second per second)

38
Q

How do you calculate acceleration?

A

V - V0 (initial velocity) / time

39
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules = J

40
Q

Examples of energy

A

elastic, kinetic, gravitational potential

41
Q

What are the two categories of energy?

A

Kinetic, potential

42
Q

Name examples of kinetic energy types

A

Heat, light, sound

43
Q

Name examples of potential energy

A

Gravitational, elastic, chemical

44
Q

What is energy transformation?

A

Energy goes from one energy type to another. EG: Kinetic to heat, gravitational potential to kinetic

45
Q

What is energy transfer?

A

Energy is maintained but transferred/shifted from one object to another
EG: Punching a bag - kinetic energy transfer from fit to bag

46
Q

What is EPgrav, and how is it calculated?

A

Gravitational potential energy:
Mass (kg) x Gravity (N) x Height (m)

47
Q

What is EK, and how is it calculated?

A

Kinetic energy:
1/2 x Mass x Velocity²

48
Q

How is EPgrav increased?

A

With increased height

49
Q

How is EK increased?

A

With increased speed

50
Q

How is EPelastic increased?

A

With increased bending, stretching, or compression

51
Q

What is the Law of Conservation?

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed or transferred.

52
Q

How can energy transfer appear?

A

Through heat, light (sparks), and mechanical (collision). No energy is lost, just transformed.

53
Q

What is an action force?

A

Refers to the force exerted by one object on another object in a particular interaction.

54
Q

What does a reaction force do?

A

Acts in the opposite direction to the action force.

Science 2024 (4 decks)

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