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Science 2024 > Chemistry Test Y10 2024 > Flashcards

Chemistry Test Y10 2024 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a type of atom. They cannot be broken down.

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2
Q

What is an atom?

A

Tiny structures that have protons, neutrons, and electrons. They make up everything.

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3
Q

What are the signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?

A

Change in colour, odour, production of new gases, cannot reverse, release of energy

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4
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative, -1

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5
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutral, 0

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6
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive, +1

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7
Q

Where are protons located?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Where are neutrons located?

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

Around the nucleus

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10
Q

What is a group of elements called?

A

A molecule. It posesses a crystal lattice structure. EG: NaCl, N2

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11
Q

Weight of neutron

A

1

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12
Q

Weight of electron

A

about 1/1800

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13
Q

Weight of proton

A

1

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14
Q

How do you find electron number?

A

Same as atomic number

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15
Q

How do you find proton number?

A

Same as atomic number

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16
Q

How do you find neutron number?

A

Mass - Atomic number

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17
Q

What are compounds & why are they formed?

A

Compounds are a group of two or more TYPES of elements. They form to stabilize each other

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18
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The number of protons and neutrons as they both have a weight of 1. Shows the weight of an element. Electrons not included as they are too small.

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19
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons and number of electrons (they are the same)

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20
Q

What is a period?

A

Each row going ACROSS on the periodic table. Represents number of valence shells

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21
Q

What is a group?

A

Each column going VERTICALLY in the periodic table. Show number of valence electrons

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22
Q

What are valence shells?

A

The outermost shell of an atom

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23
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

The electrons in the outmost shell of an atom

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24
Q

On the periodic table, what is group 1?

A

Alkalai metals = very reactive, conductors, malleable, very unstable, +1 charge

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25
Q

On the periodic table, what is group 2?

A

Alkaline earth metals = Very reactive (less that group 1), not found in nature, unstable, +2 charge

26
Q

On the periodic table, what is the middle group?

A

Transition Metals = produce magnetic field, conductors. Usually +2 charge but can vary with ions.

27
Q

On the periodic table, what is group 7?

A

Halogens = -1 charge. More reactive as you go up the group. Compounds with halogens (+ metal) produce salts

28
Q
A
29
Q

On the periodic table, what is group 8?

A

Noble gases = 0 charge as they have a full valence shell, quite stable, don’t easily form compounds

30
Q

What are metalloids?

A

Have properties of metals & non-metals, can be semi-conductors

31
Q

How do you find the no of valence shells?

A

Period number

32
Q

How do you find the no of valence electrons?

A

Group number

33
Q

How many electrons are in each electron shell?

A

2, 8, 8, 18

34
Q

What is aqueous?

A

Water that contains one or more dissolved substances. It is a mixture that has no solids.

35
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has lost electrons to form a positive charge OR an atom that has gained electrons to form a negative charge.

36
Q

Why do ions form?

A

To make a full outer/valence shell

37
Q

What is a cation?

A

A metal losing electrons, positively charged

38
Q

What is an anion?

A

A non-metal gaining electrons, negatively charged

39
Q

What is the charge of an anion?

A

Negative

40
Q

What is the charge of a cation?

A

Positive

41
Q

What are the three types of bonding?

A

Ionic, covalent, metallic

42
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

The sharing of electrons between a metal and a non-metal to complete their valence shells.

43
Q

How does ionic bonding occur?

A

As anions are negatively charged, and cations are positively charged, the opposites attract.

44
Q

In what instance will an element become a cation?

A

When a metal loses electrons

45
Q

Describe the process of ionic bonding

A

Metals have a weak hold on their electrons whilst non-metals have a strong hold. Therefore, metallic atoms lose/transfer their electrons to the non-metals who gain them (as they have the ability to hold them, more stable)

46
Q

In what instance will an element become an anion?

A

When a non-metal gains electrons

47
Q

What is the net charge of an ionic compound?

A

0/neutral as a negative anion and a positive cation cancel out/stabilize eachother

47
Q

How do you swap and drop?

A
  1. Write name of the ionic compound
  2. Write their ions (element symbol)
  3. Swap and drop the top number to the opposite element
48
Q

What is the suffix “-ide”?

A

Any anion that has only one atom eg. Sulfide = S(2-)
Monatomic anions.
EXCEPTION: hydroxide = OH

49
Q

What is the suffix “-ate”?

A

Ion made up of more than one atom WITH MORE ATOMS than “-ITE” eg. Sulfate = SO4(2-) vs Sulfite = SO3(2-)

50
Q

What is the suffix “-ite”?

A

Ion made up of more than one atom eg. Sulfite = SO3(2-)

51
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

The solids formed from a chemical reaction. Visuals are the easiest way to validate it’s formation.

52
Q

What is a precipitate reaction?

A

A chemical reaction between two aqueous reactants and produce at least one solid product

53
Q

Define aqueous

A

A liquid (typically water) with multiply types of elements dissolved in it. No solids

54
Q

How can we predict whether a precipitate reaction has occurred?

A

Writing out the reactants and swapping the last bit eg.
Silver nitrate + Cobalt chloride = Silver chloride + Cobalt nitrate.
Then, use the solubility rules to see if the resultant products are aq or s
if at least one s = occurred
none = didn’t occur

55
Q

What is an acid metal reaction?

A

A reaction between an acid and a metal that forms a salt and hydrogen gas

56
Q

What does Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) become when combined with a metal?

A

(metal) Chloride

57
Q

What does Sulfuric Acid (H2SOH4) become when combined with a metal?

A

(metal) Sulfate

58
Q

What does Nitric Acid (HNO3) become when combined with a metal?

A

(metal) Nitrate

59
Q

When will acid-metal reactions take place?

A

If the metal is above hydrogen on the reactivity series eg. potassium, magnesium, iron, lead

60
Q

When WON’T acid-metal reactions take place?

A

If the metal is below hydrogen on the reactivity series eg. copper, gold, silver, mercury

61
Q

How do you write acid-metal reactions?

A

Write in this form:
metal + acid → salt + H2
eg: 2Mg + HCL → MgCl2 + H2

Science 2024 (4 decks)

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