Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics GCSE > Motion And Forces > Flashcards

Motion And Forces Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards AP® Physics flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between a vector quantity and a scalar quantity

A

Vector = magnitude and directions
Scalar = only magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give examples of vector quantities

A
  • Force
  • velocity
  • displacement
  • acceleration
  • momentum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of scalar quantities

A
  • speed
  • distance
  • mass
  • temperature
  • time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe how vectors are represented (arrows)

A

By an arrow:
- the length shows magnitude
- the direction shows the direction of the quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a contact force, give some examples

A

When two objects have to be touching for a force to act, it’s called a contact force: e.g.
- friction
- air resistance
- tension in ropes
- normal contact force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a non contact force, give some examples

A

Objects that do not need to be touching for the force to act:
- magnetic force
- gravitational force
- electrostatic force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the equation for weight, mass and gfs

A

Weight = mass x Gravitational field strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to do parallelogram of forces

A

1) draw 2 vectors tail to tail
2) Draw 2 parallel vectors to form a parallelogram
3) measure the length of the line in the centre and the angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is weight

A

The force of gravity on an object (N)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is upthrust

A

The upward force that a liquid or gas exerts on a body flowing in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drag

A

Air resistance acting against thrust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is force

A
  • A force is a push or pull that acts upon an object as a result of that object’s interactions with its surroundings.
  • Measured in Newtons
  • A vector quantity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is air resistance a contact or non contact force

A

Contact - due to the physical contact (collisions) between an object and the particles in the air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the difference between displacement and distance

A

Displacement = km + NSEW
Distance = km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A 20 m displacement North is the same as:

A
    • 20m displacement south
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is power a scalar or vector quantity

A

Scalar - it has magnitude but no direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the direction the arrow represent and the size represent

A

Direction of arrow = direction
Size = magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are free body diagrams used for

A

Free body diagrams use arrows to show all of the forces acting on an object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the name of the overall force acting on an object, taking in account all different forces acting on it

A

The resultant force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

During take-off, a plane has a lift force (upwards force) of 690,000 N and a weight (downwards force) of 600,000 N.
What is the resultant force?

A

90,000 N upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What two properties are affected by the resultant force

A

Speed and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Equilibrium

A

If all the forces acting on an object balance out, then we say that the object is in equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How to work out resultant force using vector diagrams

A
  • tip to tail
  • if given a direction, use north to take a bearing
  • then make it a triangle, the hypotenuse is the resultant force
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does deformation mean

A

refers to a change in the shape of an object as a result of forces being applied to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If an object does return to its original shape after the forces have been removed, it is known as…

A

Elastic deformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

if an object does not return to its original shape after the forces have been removed, it is known as

A

Inelastic deformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Applying forces to an object can cause it to:

A
  • bend
  • compress
  • stretch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Extension is…

A

the increase in length of a spring when its stretched. Be aware that it can also refer to a decrease in length, if the spring is compressed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

An object’s spring constant is…

A

a measure of how many Newtons of force it would require to stretch (or compress) the object by 1 metre. It has the units N/m. Objects with a higher spring constant are more stiff, so they require more force to stretch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which object has a higher spring constant:
- wood
Or
- Bungee cord

A

Wood, it requires more energy to stretch it or, in other words, is more stiff (less elastic).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens when you stretch an object too much and what does it mean

A

It will pass its ‘elastic limit’ and then start deforming inelastically

32
Q

What is the formula for force (think springs)

A

F = Ke

33
Q

A dog travels 300 m north in 100 s.

What is the dog’s average velocity?

A

3 m/s North (include direction)

34
Q

Acceleration is

A

The rate in change in velocity

35
Q

Negative acceleration is often called

A

Deceleration

36
Q

What’s the tricky acceleration equation

A

2 x acceleration x distance = (Final velocity^2) - (initial velocity^2)

37
Q

On a distance / time graph what axis is the distance and time on

A

Distance = y. Time= x.

38
Q

The gradient of a distance / time graph tells us

A

The speed of the object

39
Q

What does a flat line on a distance / time graph tell us about the movement of an object?

A

It’s stationary

40
Q

If the curve starts getting steeper on a distance time graph what does it mean

A

The object is accelerating

41
Q

To find the velocity at point on a distance time graph, we need to

A

Draw a tangent and use it to find the gradient of the line

42
Q

What is friction

A

Friction is a force that opposes motion when two objects slide over each other

43
Q

The force that causes an object to fall towards the earth is:

A

Weight

44
Q

The size of the air resistance is dependent on the object’s…

A

Surface area and velocity

45
Q

The force of air resistance is caused by…

A

the moving object colliding with particles in the air

46
Q

As the velocity of a falling object increases….

A

The air resistance increases

47
Q

We say an object has reached ‘terminal velocity’ when…

A

An object is falling with a constant velocity

48
Q

Terminal velocity is reached when…

A
  • the resultant force is 0
  • the air resistance and the weight are equal, so speed is constant
  • there’s no more acceleration
49
Q

If a ball is dropped from a plane and has not yet reached terminal velocity, then the ball must be…

A

Accelerating

50
Q

On a velocity / time graph, the velocity and time are on which axis

A

Velocity: y
Time: x

51
Q

A flat line on the velocity / time graph tells us

A

the object is moving at constant velocity.

52
Q

The gradient of a velocity / time graph tells us:

A

The acceleration or deceleration of the object

53
Q

On a velocity / time graph, the distance travelled is shown by:

A

The area under the curve

54
Q

What is Newtons first Law

A

A resultant force is required to change the motion of an object. If there is no resultant force the object will continue moving at the same velocity

55
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law

A

A resultant force will cause an object to accelerate in the direction of the force.

56
Q

What is Newtons 3rd Law

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

57
Q

When pushing against a wall, the wall pushes back with an equal and opposite force. What is this force called

A

Normal contact force

58
Q

A person weighs 800 N and is standing on the ground.

The ground is pushing upwards towards the person’s feet. (According do Newtons 3rd Law) How many newtons is this force?

A

800N

59
Q

What is stopping distance

A

Stopping distance is the total distance a car travels from the moment when the driver first notices an obstruction, to when the car stops.

60
Q

What can affect a persons thinking time

A
  • Tiredness
  • alcohol
  • being distracted
  • age (worse eye sight for older people)
  • The speed of the car (faster car = faster reactions needed)
61
Q

What can affect a persons braking distance

A
  • tyre quality
  • quality of brakes
  • Mass of car
  • weather (icy roads)
62
Q

A vehicle drives twice as fast.

What happens to the breaking distance?

A

Increases by 4x

63
Q

Momentum is a ______ quantity

A

Vector

64
Q

What are the units for momentum

A

Kg m/s

65
Q

The conservation of momentum principle states…

A

The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.

66
Q

What is Newtons first Law

A

If the resultant force on a stationary object is 0, the object will remain stationary. If the resultant force on a moving object is 0, it’ll just carry on moving at the same velocity.

67
Q

Describe the forces acting on an object if it is moving at a constant velocity

A
  • the resistive driving forces on it must all be balanced
68
Q

What is Newton’s second law

A
  • the larger the resultant force acting on an object, the more the object accelerates
  • therefore force and acceleration are directly proportional
69
Q

What is an inertia

A
  • the tendency for Motion to remain unchanged
  • (when the object is moving at a steady speed and remains in the same state of motion)
70
Q

What is Newton’s third Law

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

71
Q

Give an example of Newton’s third law

A
  • If you push a shopping trolley, it will push back against you just as hard
  • when you stop, so does the trolley
72
Q

What does the braking distance rely on

A

Friction between the brakes and wheels

73
Q

Describe what happens when you brake

A
  • brake pedal pushed = pads press down on wheels = causing friction which cause work to be done
  • The work done (between brakes and wheels) is transferred from the kinetic energy store wheels to the thermal energy store of the brakes
  • The brakes increase in temp
  • the faster the vehicle is going, the more energy it has in its kinetic store, so more work needs to be done to stop it
  • meaning a greater braking force is needed to make it stop
74
Q

Why do you need to be careful with larger braking forces

A
  • larger braking force = larger deceleration
  • this is dangerous = causes brakes to overheat (so they don’t work as well)
  • and can cause the vehicle to skid
75
Q

Is momentum a vector or scalar quantity

A

Vector

76
Q

Describe the conservation of momentum

A
  • in a closed system
  • the total momentum before an event is = to the moment after the event

Physics GCSE (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions