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Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of motion discussed?

A

Random

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2
Q

Describe random motion.

A

Objects move irregularly

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3
Q

Give an example of random motion.

A

Brownian motion.

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4
Q

Describe translational motion.

A

Rigid objects move from one point to another without rotating.

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5
Q

In translational motion

A

do parts of the object follow the same path?

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6
Q

Give an example of translational motion.

A

A car traveling from one city to another.

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7
Q

Describe rotational motion.

A

Points in the body move in concentric circles

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8
Q

Give examples of rotational motion.

A

Earth rotating about its axis

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9
Q

Describe oscillatory (or vibratory) motion.

A

A body moves to and fro

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10
Q

What type of motion is oscillatory motion?

A

Periodic motion.

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11
Q

Give examples of oscillatory motion.

A

Motion of a rocking chair

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12
Q

Can a body’s motion consist of a combination of motion types?

A

Yes.

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13
Q

Give an example of combined motion.

A

A spinning ping-pong ball (translation and rotation)

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14
Q

Define motion.

A

A change of position.

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15
Q

Why is a frame of reference necessary to determine a change in position?

A

Because it’s impossible to determine a change of position without a point or frame of reference assumed to be at rest.

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16
Q

What is relative motion?

A

The motion or separation between two objects.

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17
Q

Give an example of relative motion.

A

The motion between a person on a train and their friend standing on a railway platform.

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18
Q

If a person walks towards the driver in a moving bus

A

how is their speed relative to the earth calculated?

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19
Q

If a person walks towards the back of a moving bus

A

how is their speed relative to the earth calculated?

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20
Q

In the example of the person walking in a bus

A

what are the points of reference?

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21
Q

Why does a student on a bus see the bus floor as stationary?

A

Because the bus and student move at the same speed

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22
Q

Why do trees appear to move to a student looking out the bus window?

A

Due to the relative motion between the student in the moving bus and the stationary trees.

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23
Q

How is the position of a point in space determined?

A

By its distance and direction from other points.

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24
Q

What is used to state the position of an object?

A

A frame of reference or a point of reference (origin).

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25
How is the position of a point in a plane located?
By drawing two perpendicular lines intersecting at an origin.
26
What are the two lines used to locate a point in a plane called?
The X-axis (horizontal) and the Y-axis (vertical).
27
In a coordinate system
which directions are considered positive and negative?
28
How is a point P specified in a coordinate system?
By its x-coordinate (abscissa) and y-coordinate (ordinate)
29
What does the distance of an object indicate?
How far the object has moved.
30
Is knowing the distance enough to know the object's final position?
No
31
Define displacement.
Distance traveled in a specified direction.
32
What two things are required to specify displacement?
Distance and direction.
33
How is speed defined?
The rate at which a body covers a distance.
34
What is the formula for average speed?
Average speed = distance / time.
35
What are the SI units of distance and time?
Metre (m) and second (s).
36
What is the SI unit of speed?
Metre per second (m/s or ms⁻¹).
37
Give other units for speed.
Centimetres per second and kilometers per hour.
38
Define uniform speed.
When a body covers equal distances in equal time intervals.
39
How are speed and velocity used in everyday language?
Often interchangeably.
40
What is the difference between speed and velocity in physics?
Velocity specifies direction
41
How is velocity defined?
The rate of change of displacement.
42
What is the formula for velocity?
Velocity = displacement / time.
43
What is uniform velocity?
When a body moves with equal displacements in equal time intervals.
44
What is the SI unit of velocity?
Metre per second (ms⁻¹).
45
Can a body moving at a constant speed have non-uniform velocity?
Yes
46
What is plotted on the Y-axis and X-axis of a distance-time graph?
Distance is on the Y-axis
47
What information do distance-time graphs provide?
Useful information about the motion of an object.
48
If a distance-time graph is a straight line
what does it indicate?
49
How is speed (or velocity) calculated from a distance-time graph with a straight line?
Speed (velocity) = distance (displacement) / time = gradient (slope) of the line.
50
Is the slope constant or variable in a straight-line distance-time graph?
The slope is the same (constant) all along the line.
51
If a distance-time graph is curved
what does it indicate?
52
How is velocity determined at any instant on a curved distance-time graph?
By finding the gradient of the tangent to the curve at that point.
53
What is instantaneous velocity?
The velocity at any instant of time.
54
What do the speedometers of moving vehicles indicate?
Instantaneous velocity.
55
Define acceleration.
The rate of change of velocity with time.
56
What is the SI unit of acceleration?
Metre-per-second-per-second (ms⁻²).
57
Give the formula for acceleration (a).
a = (velocity change) / (time taken for change).
58
When is the rate of change of velocity with time termed 'acceleration'?
When the velocity increases with time.
59
What is retardation?
When the velocity decreases with time.
60
What is another term for retardation?
Deceleration.
61
Is retardation positive or negative acceleration?
Negative acceleration.
62
If a car moves from 20 ms⁻¹ to 30 ms⁻¹ in 5 seconds
what is its average acceleration?
63
What does an acceleration of 2 ms⁻² mean?
That the velocity of the car increases by 2 ms⁻¹ per second.
64
Define uniform acceleration.
When the velocity of a moving body increases by equal amounts in equal intervals of time.
65
What is the acceleration of a body falling freely under gravity?
Approximately 10 ms⁻².
66
Is the acceleration due to gravity positive or negative when a body is thrown upwards?
Negative.
67
What is another term for negative acceleration?
Retardation.
68
What type of graph is obtained when velocity is plotted against time?
A velocity-time graph.
69
What does the slope of a velocity-time graph represent?
Acceleration.
70
How is uniform acceleration represented on a velocity-time graph?
By a straight line.
71
If an object is moving with constant velocity
what is the acceleration?
72
How is zero acceleration represented on a velocity-time graph?
By a horizontal line (gradient = 0).
73
What does a curved line on a velocity-time graph indicate?
Non-uniform acceleration.
74
How is acceleration determined at any instant on a curved velocity-time graph?
By the gradient of the tangent to the curve at that point.
75
What is the cause of motion?
Force.
76
What are some effects of force?
Move a body
77
Give examples of contact forces.
Push
78
Give examples of force fields.
Gravitational force
79
What is gravitational force?
The force with which the earth attracts objects towards its centre.
80
Define friction.
A force which acts at the surface of separation between two objects in contact and tends to oppose the motion of one over the other.
81
In what direction do frictional forces act?
Tangential to the surface of separation between two bodies in contact.
82
Does friction appear if there is no relative motion?
No.
83
What does friction oppose?
Motion or the force tending to produce motion.
84
What happens when the force producing motion is withdrawn?
Friction slows down the moving body until it stops.
85
Define static friction.
The maximum force that must be overcome before a body can just start to move over another.
86
Define kinetic (or dynamic) friction.
The force that must be overcome so that a body can move with uniform speed over another body.
87
Is sliding friction less than or greater than static friction?
Less than.
88
What is the direction of friction relative to the motion between two surfaces in contact?
Opposite to that of the motion.
89
How does the force of friction increase as the force which tends to start the motion increases?
To the same extent.
90
On what factors does frictional force depend?
The nature of the two surfaces in contact (roughness
91
Is frictional force dependent on the area of the surfaces in contact?
No.
92
With what does frictional force vary directly?
The normal force pressing the surfaces together (normal reaction R).
93
Is frictional force proportional to the normal reaction R?
Yes.
94
Define coefficient of friction (µ).
The ratio of the frictional force (F) to the normal reaction (R) between the two surfaces in contact.
95
Give the formula for the coefficient of friction.
µ = F/R.
96
How is the coefficient of static friction determined?
By using the maximum force required to start the body moving.
97
How is the coefficient of kinetic friction determined?
By using the force required to keep the body in uniform motion.
98
Is the coefficient of static friction greater or less than the coefficient of dynamic friction?
Greater than.
99
Give examples where friction is desirable.
Walking
100
How does friction help us walk?
It provides the reaction force that moves us forward.
101
What would happen if there were little friction when walking?
We would slip and fall.
102
How do automobile tires grip the roadway?
Through the pattern of threading on the tires.

Physics (25 decks)

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