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Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Leclanché Cell (Wet Type) consist of?

A

A carbon rod contained in a porous pot

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2
Q

What does the Leclanché Cell (Wet Type) also consist of?

A

A glass or porcelain jar filled with a solution of ammonium chloride and a zinc rod immersed in the ammonium chloride solution.

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3
Q

What is the negative terminal in the Leclanché Cell?

A

The zinc rod.

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4
Q

What is the positive terminal in the Leclanché Cell?

A

The carbon rod.

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5
Q

What is the electrolyte in the Leclanché Cell?

A

The ammonium chloride.

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6
Q

What is the depolarizing agent in the Leclanché Cell?

A

The manganese dioxide.

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7
Q

What is a disadvantage of the Leclanché cell?

A

Depolarization takes place more slowly than the rate at which hydrogen is liberated

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8
Q

What is another defect of the wet Leclanché cell?

A

It is cumbersome to carry about without spilling the liquid.

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9
Q

Where is the Leclanché cell used?

A

Only where intermittent current is required

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10
Q

What is an advantage of the Leclanché cell?

A

Its e.m.f. is relatively high

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11
Q

What is the electrolyte in the dry type of the Leclanché cell?

A

Ammonium chloride in the form of a paste or jelly mixed with starch and flour.

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12
Q

What is the positive terminal in the dry type of the Leclanché cell?

A

A carbon rod.

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13
Q

What is the negative terminal in the dry type of the Leclanché cell?

A

The zinc container.

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14
Q

What is the depolarizer in the dry type of the Leclanché cell?

A

Manganese dioxide mixed with powdered carbon contained in a muslin bag round the carbon rod.

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15
Q

What is used at the bottom of the dry type of Leclanché cell to prevent short circuiting?

A

A cardboard disc to prevent the carbon pole from touching the negative zinc container.

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16
Q

What is the e.m.f. of a dry Leclanché cell?

A

About 1.5 volts.

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17
Q

What is the simple cell?

A

A cell that produces current as a result of non-reversible chemical changes taking place between the various components of the cell.

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18
Q

What happens when all the zinc of a simple cell is used up?

A

The cell cannot be restored or recharged to its original condition by passing a charging current through the cell in the reverse order.

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19
Q

What must be done to cause primary cells to produce current again?

A

They must be resupplied with fresh active materials.

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20
Q

What is a disadvantage of primary cells?

A

The chemicals in them are gradually used up when the cells are in use.

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21
Q

What are secondary cells or accumulators?

A

Cells whose chemical actions can be reversed by driving a current through them in a direction opposite to the current they supply.

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22
Q

What is an advantage of secondary cells?

A

They can be recharged and used repeatedly.

23
Q

What are examples of primary cells?

A

Simple cell

24
Q

What does the Daniel Cell consist of?

A

A copper vessel filled with a saturated copper sulphate solution

25
What acts as the negative terminal of the Daniel Cell?
The zinc rod.
26
What acts as the positive terminal of the Daniel Cell?
The copper vessel.
27
What acts as the depolarizer for the Daniel cell?
The copper sulphate solution.
28
What is the initial e.m.f. produced by the Daniel cell?
About 1.1 volts.
29
Is the Daniel cell still in use?
No.
30
What does the Leclanché Cell (Wet Type) consist of?
A carbon rod contained in a porous pot
31
What is an electric field?
A region or space where a charged body experiences an electric force.
32
What should students be able to do after completing this chapter?
Calculate the electric force between two charges. Explain electric field intensity and electric potential. Explain the term capacitance. Calculate the equivalent capacitance for series and parallel arrangement of capacitors. Determine the energy stored in capacitors.
33
What did Coulomb's Law state?
The electric force between two point charges
34
What is the formula for the magnitude of the electric force between two point charges?
F = (Kq₁q₂)/r².
35
What is the value of K in SI units?
K = 1/(4πε₀) = 9.0 x 10⁹ Nm²C⁻².
36
What does the direction of the electric force depend on?
If the charges have the same sign
37
What is the formula for electric field intensity (E)?
E = F/q.
38
What is the unit of electric field intensity?
Newtons per Coulomb (NC⁻¹).
39
How is electric field intensity due to a point charge Q calculated?
E = Q/(4πε₀r²).
40
What is electric potential (V) at a point?
The work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point against the electrical forces of the field.
41
What is potential difference (VAB) between two points A and B?
The work done in taking unit positive charge from one point to the other in the electric field.
42
What is the unit of electric potential and potential difference?
Volt.
43
What is the relationship between electric field intensity (E) and potential difference (V)?
E = V/d
44
What is the formula for electric potential due to a charge q at a distance d?
V = q/(4πε₀d).
45
What is capacitance (C)?
The ratio of the quantity of electric charge Q on one of the plates of the capacitor to the potential difference V between the plates. C = Q/V.
46
What are the units of capacitance?
Farad (F)
47
How are capacitors arranged in parallel?
The equivalent capacitance is the sum of their individual capacitances: C = C₁ + C₂ + C₃.
48
How are capacitors arranged in series?
The reciprocal of the equivalent capacitance is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitances: 1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + 1/C₃.
49
How is the energy (W) stored in a capacitor calculated?
W = (1/2)qV = (1/2)(q²/C) = (1/2)CV².
50
What are primary cells?
Cells that produce current as a result of non-reversible chemical changes.
51
What are secondary cells (or accumulators)?
Cells whose chemical actions can be reversed by driving a current through them in the opposite direction to the current they supply.
52
Examples of primary cells
Simple cell
53
What is the disadvantage of primary cells?
The chemicals in them are gradually used up when the cells are in use.
54
What is the advantage of secondary cells?
They can be recharged and used repeatedly.

Physics (25 decks)

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