MOTION Flashcards
What are Newton’s Three Laws of Motion?
1st Law (Law of Inertia), 2nd Law (Law of Acceleration), 3rd Law (Law of Action-Reaction).
What is Newton’s First Law?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an external force.
Example of Newton’s First Law
A book on a table stays at rest until someone pushes it.
Why is Newton’s First Law also called the Law of Inertia?
Because it describes an object’s resistance to changes in its state of motion.
What is Newton’s Second Law?
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma).
Example of Newton’s Second Law
A heavier cart requires more force to push than a lighter cart.
What happens if force increases but mass stays the same?
The acceleration of the object increases.
What is Newton’s Third Law?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example of Newton’s Third Law
When you jump off a boat, the boat moves backward.
Why do rockets launch using Newton’s Third Law?
The rocket pushes exhaust gases downward, and the gases push the rocket upward.
What is Net Force?
The sum of all forces acting on an object, considering both direction and magnitude.
Example of Net Force
If a 10 N force pushes an object to the right and a 5 N force pushes to the left, the net force is 5 N to the right.
What is Applied Force?
A force that is intentionally applied to an object by another object or person.
Example of Applied Force
Pushing a shopping cart.
What is Friction?
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
Example of Friction
Rubbing your hands together generates heat.
What is Normal Force?
A support force exerted by a surface perpendicular to an object resting on it.
Example of Normal Force
A book resting on a table experiences an upward normal force equal to its weight.
What is Gravity?
A force of attraction between two masses, such as Earth pulling objects downward.
Example of Gravity
An apple falling from a tree.
What is Air Resistance?
A type of frictional force that opposes an object’s motion through the air.
Example of Air Resistance
A parachute slows down a skydiver.
What is Tension Force?
A force transmitted through a string, rope, or cable when it is pulled tight by forces acting from opposite ends.
Example of Tension Force
Pulling a bucket of water up using a rope in a well.
What is Balanced Force?
When forces acting on an object cancel out, causing no change in motion.
Example of Balanced Force
A book resting on a table remains still because gravity and the normal force are equal.
What is Unbalanced Force?
When forces acting on an object do not cancel out, causing motion.
Example of Unbalanced Force
A person pushing a box and making it move.
