Motion :)

Question 1

horizontal displacement

Answer 1

shortest distance from the starting point to the finishing point - the way the crow flies

three factors affecting it:

• angle of release
• speed of release
• height of release

Question 2

angle of release

Answer 2

optimum angle dependent upon release and landing height

release + landing height EQUAL- 45 degrees
release height BELOW landing- greater than 45 degrees
release height ABOVE landing- less than 45 degrees

Question 3

speed of release

Answer 3

greater the speed/velocity the greater the horizontal displacement

speed of shift (force) also affects horizontal displacement, like a shotput using speed and power from spin before to go further

Question 4

height of release

Answer 4

a greater release height results in increased horizontal displacement

gravity constantly working to pull it down so the higher it starts off the longer it will take to reach the ground

Question 5

true parabola

Answer 5

uniform curve that is symmetrical at its highest point

projectiles with large weight force (shotput) have SMALL air resistance and will follow a true parabolic flight

Question 6

distorted parabola

Answer 6

non uniform curve - squished at the end

projectiles with lighter mass (shuttlecock) will increase in air resistance working against it halting the flight leading to a non-parabolic flight

Question 7

vertical component

Answer 7

upward motion of an object - affected by gravity

Question 8

horizontal component

Answer 8

horizontal motion of an object - affected by air resistance slightly

Question 9

drag force

Answer 9

acts opposite to the direction of motion and negatively effects velocity

produced from air resistance and friction

Question 10

surface drag

Answer 10

friction between the surface of an object and the fluid environment

-swimmers shave or wear tight smooth clothing to reduce surface drag

Question 11

form drag/shape drag

Answer 11

impact of the fluid environment on the object

streamlining is key

Question 12

streamlining

Answer 12

involves shaping body so it can move quickly and effectively through a fluid
reducing the frontal cross-sectional surface area also makes them more streamlined

-swimmers create thinnest and straightest shape to move quicker

Question 13

slipstreaming

Answer 13

large form drag offers less turbulent air in pocket behind the first object

-wind hits first cyclist and goes round the sides so second cyclist can save 30% energy by going 15-30 cm behind

Question 14

factors increasing and reducing drag

Answer 14

1. velocity of moving object: the greater the velocity, the greater the drag force
   - faster sports like sprinting, race car driving need to reduce drag more
2. cross-sectional area: larger c-s area increases drag
   - cyclists and skiers crouch down to reduce area and drag
3. shape and surface characteristics: streamlined, aerodynamic shape key
   - drag resistant clothes may help. skiers helmet goes to shoulders

Question 15

bernoulli’s principle

Answer 15

where air molecules exert less pressure the faster they travel and more pressure when they travel slower

Question 16

lift force

Answer 16

causes the body to move perpendicular to the direction of travel

allows object to stay in the air longer which increases horizontal distance

Question 17

angle of attack

Answer 17

the tilt of the projectile relative to the air flow

if too great, then too much drag will result
-ideal is between 25 and 40 degrees

Question 18

producing lift force on a discus

Answer 18

angle of attack changes the flow of air around the discus

• air above the discuss has to travel further than air below
• meaning air above has a lower pressure than air below
• lower pressure above creates upward lift force allowing discus in the air longer
• increased horizontal displacement

Question 19

producing greater frictional force

Answer 19

formula 1 car has a spoiler angled to direct the lift force downward

• air traveling over the top has a shorter distance as the spoiler creates a longer distance underneath the car
• air above the car travels at a slower velocity and higher pressure
• creates a downwards lift force and greater frictional force
• tyres maintain firm grip when traveling round the corners fast