Most Used Words Flashcards
If something is evident, you notice it easily and clearly.
Consequent means happening as a direct result of an event or situation.
If you equate one thing with another, or if you say that one thing equates with another, you believe that they are strongly connected.
If something constitutes a particular thing, it can be regarded as being that thing.
If you institute a system, rule, or course of action, you start it.
To constrain someone or something means to limit their development or force them to behave in a particular way.
His footprints were clearly evident in the heavy dust.
The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all.
The author doesn’t equate liberalism and conservatism. [VERB noun]
Testing patients without their consent would constitute a professional and legal offence. [VERB noun]
We will institute a number of measures to better safeguard the public. [VERB noun]
Many working parents are too often constrained by inflexible working hours. [be VERB-ed]
If you deduce something or deduce that something is true, you reach that conclusion because of other things that you know to be true.
If something is adequate, there is enough of it or it is good enough to be used or accepted.
When you confer with someone, you discuss something with them in order to make a decision. You can also say that two people confer.
To implicate someone means to show or claim that they were involved in something wrong or criminal.
You use subsequent to describe something that happened or existed after the time or event that has just been referred to.
[formal]
A substitute is something that you have or use instead of something else.
Alison had cleverly deduced that I was the author of the letter. [VERB that]
One in four people worldwide are without adequate homes.
He conferred with Hill and the others in his office. [VERB + with]
He was to resign when one of his own aides was implicated in a financial scandal. [be VERB-ed]
Those concerns were overshadowed by subsequent events.
She is seeking a substitute for the very person whose departure made her cry.
If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing.
If something inhibits an event or process, it prevents it or slows it down.
An interval between two events or dates is the period of time between them.
If one event or period of time precedes another, it happens before it.
A subsidy is money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service.
If something underlies a feeling or situation, it is the cause or basis of it.
If you say that something comprises or is comprised of a number of things or people, you mean it has them as its parts or members.
The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements. [VERB noun]
Sugary drinks inhibit digestion. [VERB noun]
The ferry service has restarted after an interval of 12 years. [+ of]
There was a long interval of silence.
Intensive negotiations between the main parties preceded the vote. [VERB noun]
European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts.
Try to figure out what feeling underlies your anger. [VERB noun]
MCC’s main committee comprises 18 members. [VERB noun]
Empirical evidence or study relies on practical experience rather than theories.
If you infer that something is the case, you decide that it is true on the basis of information that you already have.
If something conforms to something such as a law or someone’s wishes, it is of the required type or quality.
If one thing denotes another, it is a sign or indication of it.
If something fluctuates, it changes a lot in an irregular way.
To induce a state or condition means to cause it.
There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.
I inferred from what she said that you have not been well. [VERB that]
The lamp has been designed to conform to British safety requirements. [V + to/with]
Red eyes denote strain and fatigue. [VERB noun]
Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill. [VERB]
Doctors said surgery could induce a heart attack. [VERB noun]
{offset}: to balance one influence against an opposing influence, so that there is no great difference as a result:
{analogy}: a comparison between things that have similar features, often used to help explain a principle or idea:
{attain}: to reach or succeed in getting something:
Concurrent events or situations happen at the same time.
To confine something to a particular place or group means to prevent it from spreading beyond that place or group.
Something that is an integral part of something is an essential part of that thing.
If you restrain someone, you stop them from doing what they intended or wanted to do, usually by using your physical strength.
The extra cost of traveling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here.
He drew an analogy between the brain and a vast computer.
It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with (= by comparing it with) something concrete.
He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.
Galerie St. Etienne is holding three concurrent exhibitions.
Health officials have successfully confined the epidemic to the Tabatinga area. [VERB noun + to]
Rituals and festivals form an integral part of every human society.
Wally gripped my arm, partly to restrain me and partly to reassure me. [VERB noun]
You use albeit to introduce a fact or comment which reduces the force or significance of what you have just said.
A forthcoming event is planned to happen soon.
If something has intrinsic value or intrinsic interest, it is valuable or interesting because of its basic nature or character, and not because of its connection with other things.
A levy is a sum of money that you have to pay, for example as a tax to the government.
reluctance
an unwillingness to do something:
Charles’s letter was indeed published, albeit in a somewhat abbreviated form.
…his opponents in the forthcoming elections.
[formal]
The paintings have no intrinsic value except as curiosities.
The rate is determined by intrinsic qualities such as the land’s slope.
…an annual motorway levy on all drivers. [+ on]
I accepted his resignation with great reluctance.
When animals forage, they search for food.
A benign tumor will not cause death or serious harm.
Benign conditions are pleasant or make it easy for something to happen.
If you say that someone is malleable, you mean that they are easily influenced or controlled by other people.
If your wishes or desires are subjugated to something, they are treated as less important than that thing.
If someone rouses you when you are sleeping or if you rouse, you wake up.
Something that has a deleterious effect on something has a harmful effect on it.
Something that is pronounced is very noticeable.
A substance that is soluble will dissolve in a liquid.
We disturbed a wild boar that had been foraging by the roadside. [VERB]
It wasn’t cancer, only a benign tumor.
This plunge came in a time of relatively benign economic conditions.
She was young enough to be malleable.
Health, common sense, and self-respect are subjugated to the cause of looking ‘hot’. [be VERB-ed + to]
Hilton roused him at eight-thirty by rapping on the door. [VERB noun]
Petty crime is having a deleterious effect on community life.
Most of the art exhibitions have a pronounced Scottish theme.
Uranium is soluble in sea water.
To deplete a stock or amount of something means to reduce it.
If you wind down, you relax after doing something that has made you feel tired or tense.
To lurch means to make a sudden movement, especially forwards, in an uncontrolled way.
If someone or something exerts influence, authority, or pressure, they use it in a strong or determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect.
Anguished means showing or feeling great mental suffering or physical pain.
When something such as an emotion impels you to do something, it affects you so strongly that you feel forced to do it.
…substances that deplete the ozone layer. [VERB noun]
They fired in long bursts, which depleted their ammunition.
I regularly have a drink to wind down. [VERB PARTICLE]
As the car sped over a pothole she lurched forward. [VERB adverb/preposition]
He exerted considerable influence on the thinking of the scientific community on these issues. [VERB noun]
She let out an anguished cry.
…the courage and competitiveness which impels him to take risks. [VERB noun to-infinitive]
A propensity to do something or a propensity for something is a natural tendency that you have to behave in a particular way.
An impending event is one that is going to happen very soon.
The demise of something or someone is their end or death.
depletion : a reduction in something:
If you deride someone or something, you say that they are stupid or have no value.
[formal]
growing less in size, intensity, or number until there is nothing or almost nothing left; diminishing or shrinking gradually
If a company, industry, or service that is owned by the state is privatized, the government sells it and makes it a private company.
[business]
Mr Bint has a propensity to put off decisions to the last minute.
On the morning of the expedition I awoke with a feeling of impending disaster.
…the demise of the reform movement.
the depletion of the ozone layer
Opposition MPs derided the Government’s response to the crisis. [VERB noun]
a dwindling number of passengers
The water boards are about to be privatized.
A fire sale is an event in which goods are sold cheaply because the shop or storeroom they were in has been damaged by fire.
If something that has air or gas inside it deflates, or is deflated, it becomes smaller because it loses the air or gas:
If you describe an action or decision as judicious, you approve of it because you think that it shows good judgment and sense.
If a situation, a rule, or a person compels you to do something, they force you to do it.
If you prevail upon someone to do something, you succeed in persuading them to do it.
[formal]
They’re likely to hold big fire sales to liquidate their inventory.
to deflate a balloon/tyre
[formal, approval]
The President authorizes the judicious use of military force to protect our citizens.
…the introduction of legislation to compel cyclists to wear a helmet. [VERB noun to-infinitive]
We must, each of us, prevail upon our congressman to act. [V + upon/on]
concession: a reduction in the usual price of something, made available to students, old people, etc.
proceedings: a complete written record of what is said or done during a meeting
aromatic: a strong, pleasant smell, usually from food or drink.
cultivate: to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop.
vat
a large container used for mixing or storing liquid substances, especially in a factory:
fizzle out
to gradually end, often in a disappointing or weak way
qualification noun (LIMIT) an extra piece of information that limits the effect of something that you say or write:
Are there any student concessions?
H: Right. I should be able to keep it down to 300 words but would 400 be OK?
D: No, not really because we have to print it in the proceedings and we just don’t have the space.
And this week we’re looking at that most versatile and aromatic of plants
The Chinese have cultivated it for years, particularly to use in medicine
a vat of wine/oil
They went to different universities and their relationship just fizzled out
So now I’d like to issue a qualification to everything I say. People will still get sick, and they will still need doctors.
rudimentary: relating to an immature, undeveloped, or basic form.
Honeybees have a rudimentary ability to convey information
rudimentary: relating to an immature, undeveloped, or basic form.
Honeybees have a rudimentary ability to convey information
