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Pharmacology Antibiotics > Most missed points > Flashcards

Most missed points Flashcards

1
Q

Static antibiotics

A
  • sulfonamide
  • trimethoprim
  • nitofurantoin
  • tetracyclines
  • tigecyclines
  • chloramphenicol
  • macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)
  • ketolide (telithromycin)
  • clindamycin
  • linezoid
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2
Q

Effective against MRSA

A
  • trimthroprim
  • vancomysin
  • daptomycin
  • linezoid
  • quinupistin/dalfopristin
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3
Q

effective against gram positive ONLY

A
  • metronidazole
  • antistaphlococcal penicillins (Methicillins)
  • vancomycin
  • daptomycin
  • macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)
  • clindamycin
  • linezoid
  • quinupistin/dalfopristin
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4
Q

effective agains gram negative ONLY

A
  • methenamine
  • naturally occurring penicillins (G&V)
  • monobactams
  • polymyxins
  • aminoglycosides
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5
Q

concentration dependent

***exhibit a considerable post-antibiotic effect

A
  • quinolones
  • daptomycin
  • aminoglycosides
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6
Q

time dependent

A
  • beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems)
  • macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)
  • clindamycin
  • linezoid
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7
Q

given by IV route only

A
  • monobactams
  • carbepenems
  • vancomycin
  • daptomycin
  • aminoglycosides
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8
Q

given only topically

A

bacitracin

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9
Q

metabolized by the liver and can cause liver problems

A
  • rifamprin

- ketolide (telithromycin)

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10
Q

effective against pseudomonas

A
  • 4th generation cepholosporins
  • carbapenems
  • anti-pseudomonal penicillins
  • aminoglycosides
  • MACROLIDES
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11
Q

effective against C. difficile

A

vancomycin (and MRSA and severe colitis)

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12
Q

“floxacins”

A

quinolones

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13
Q

beta-lactams

A
  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • monobactams
  • carbapenems
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14
Q

-enems

A

carbapenems

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15
Q

azetreonam

A

monobactam

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16
Q

3 beta lactamase inhibitors

A
  • clavulanic acid
  • sulbactam
  • tazobactam

*used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics

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17
Q

bacteria that lacks a cell wall so is inherently resistant to beta-lactams, vancomyocin, and bacitracin

A

mycoplasma

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18
Q

streptomyocin and neomyosin

A

aminoglycosides

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19
Q

telithromycin

A

ketolide

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20
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors that only bind to 30S subunit

A

tetracycline

tigecycline

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21
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to both 30S and 50S

A

aminoglycosides

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22
Q

used as treatments in hospitals

A
  • carbapenems (“restricted” for severe nosocomial)
  • polymyxins
  • aminoglycosides
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23
Q

mechanism: inhibits dihydropteroate synthase

A

sulfonamide

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24
Q

mechanism: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

trimethoprim

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25
Q

mechanism: binds to and inhibits RNA polymerase

A

rifamprin

26
Q

mechanism: “poison” DNA gyrase A and uncoil replication fork

A

quinolones

27
Q

mechanism: forms oxygen free radicals that bind and affect DNA function

A
  • nitrofurantoin

- metronidazole

28
Q

mechanism: hydrolize acidic pH to form formaldehyde

A

methenamine

29
Q

mechanism: mimics D-ala-D-ala structure and ties up transpeptidase

A

penicillins

cephalosporins

30
Q

mechanism: inhibits B-lactamases by binding to serine

A

B-lactamase inhibitors

31
Q

mechanism: binds to carboxy terminus of D-ala-D-ala and:
1. inhibits peptidoglycan synthase
2. inhibits transpeptidation reaction

A

vancomysin

32
Q

mechanism: binds to isoprenyl-phosphate lipid carrier

A

bacitracin

33
Q

mechanism: acts as cationic detergent to disrupt cell membrane of Gm - bacteria

A

polymyxins

34
Q

mechanism: inserts lipophilic tail into cell membrane and works very quickly

A

daptomycin

35
Q

first line anti-tuberculosis drug

A

rifpamrin (also use quinolones)

36
Q

spectrum has four generations that start out as being effective towards gm + but then switch to being effective against gm -

A

cephalosporins

37
Q

“restricted” drug used against serious nosocomial infections

A

carbapenems

38
Q

“suicide” inhibitors that bind irreversibly

A

b-lactamase inhibitors

39
Q

resistance is a major issue for this drug and can lead to hearing loss and REDNECK syndrome

A

vancomycin

40
Q

only offered topically

A

bacitracin

41
Q

methicillin type of penicillin that has a very serious resistant strain known as MRSA

A

anti-staphlococcal

*nafacillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin

42
Q

three types of anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

carbenicillin
piperacillin
ticarcillin

43
Q

has a limited clinical use because of fatal aplastic anemia (gray baby syndrome)

A

chlorophenicol

44
Q

effective against M. pneumoniae, legionnaire’s disease, clamydia, pneumonias and other RESPIRATORY dieases

A

macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin)

45
Q

has toxicities such as kernicterus that cross the BBB and dose related hypersensitivity that results in STEPHEN JOHNSON SYNDROME

A

sulfonamide

46
Q

involves with P. jaroveci in AIDS as well as slight blood dyscrasia and anemia in pts that are folate deficient

A

trimethoprim

47
Q

toxicities include liver damage —> jaundice

A

rifamprin

48
Q

induces hepatic micorsomal enzymes and can therefore inc metabolism and dec the half-life of HIV proteases

A

rifamprin

49
Q

generally well tolerated but should avoid ciprofloxacin with children bc it can rupture tendons

A

quinolones

50
Q

poor renal function leads to toxicity and eventually pulmonary fibrosis

A

nitrofurantoin

51
Q

relatively non-toxic but direct toxic effects in the kidney are noted as well as hyper toxicity

A

penicillins

cephalosporins

52
Q

can be toxic if reaches the CNS cause seizures

A

carbapenems

53
Q

used in combination with B latam drugs to expand their spectrum

A

B-lactamase inhibitors

54
Q

shows nephrotoxicity in pts with renal disease

A

polymyxins

55
Q

cannot be used on lung infections because it gets inactivated by pulmonary surfactant

A

daptomycin

56
Q

displays:
ototoxicity- cochlear hair cell death
nephrotoxicity
neuromuscular blockade in pts with MYAESTHENIA GRAVIS

A

aminoglycosides

57
Q

binds to bone and teeth, can stain teeth and retort bone growth

A

tetracyclines

***tigecyclines DO NOT have this, big difference

58
Q

used for complicated intra-abdominal and skin infections

should not be used in bacteremias bc of low serum levels

A

tigecyclines

59
Q

effective against macrolide resistant strains

A

ketolide (telithromycin)

60
Q

effective against penicillin-resistant strains

also used as topical acne medication

A

clindamycin

Pharmacology Antibiotics (3 decks)

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