Most likely condition Flashcards
8 year old girl living with mother, refusing to go to school, complaining of stomach pain when she has to go to school. Most likely diagnosis?
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached (nightmares, physical symptoms, school refusal, worry and distress when separation is anticipated or occurring, refusal to sleep away from home etc. ). Fear lasts 4 weeks in children and over 6 months in adults for criteria to be fulfilled.
A young boy living in a refuge for 2 weeks is mute and withdrawn. He is unable to sleep because of recurrent nightmares. This has started 10 days after being admitted to a refuge. Most likely diagnosis?
Acute Stress Disorder
Young lady who has attacks of anxiety now refuses to travel in public transport. Most likely diagnosis?
Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
A young boy who stutters refuses to speak aloud in class due to his embarrassment of stuttering. Most likely diagnosis?
Social Anxiety Disorder
Marked fear or anxiety about social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. In children the anxiety should occur amongst peers and not in interactions with adults. There is a fear of acting in a away that will lead to embarrassment, humiliation, rejection or may offend others. Performance related is a specifier if fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public.
A 19 year old female presents to her general practitioner with an eight-month history of panic attacks. She reports episodes lasting up to 15 minutes in which her heart races, her chest and stomach feel tight, and she becomes dizzy and feels “out of contact”. On further enquiry she says that sometimes she also sees visions of her mother’s face in front of her, and smells stale perfume.
Complex partial seizures
Complex partial seizures most commonly occur in the temporal lobe and hence it is often termed as temporal lobe epilepsy. Olfactory hallucinations are an important sign.
A 55 year old man presents to his general practitioner with difficulty sleeping. There is no history of mental illness. His wife reports that he has become angry and preoccupied about young people whom he hears throughout the night, driving and squealing their cars around near the house. He says that they are doing this deliberately to keep him awake, that they have it in for him, and have been throwing “dog turds” on the front lawn. His wife says that while there have been occasional car noises at night, it is no more than usual, and she doubts that the dogs’ faeces he pointed out to her have actually been thrown there by any young people.
Late onset schizophrenia
Late onset schizophrenia usually presents with systematized encapsulated delusions. Other important features include partition delusions, sensory deficits, multimodal hallucinations, eccentric personality, and absence of family history and absence of thought disorder.
A 28 year old man has a six year history of schizophrenia, with prominent Schneiderian symptoms of thought insertion and withdrawal. He has recently become suspicious of his mother, believing she has been replaced by another person.
Capgras syndrome
A patient is asked: “Can you show me how you brush your teeth?” He has understood the task but is unable to perform it.
Ideomotor Apraxia
Inability to carry out a requested movement properly.
In the MMSE the patient is unable to carry out the three step action.
Ideational Apraxia
Patient is unable to carry out coordinated sequences of actions e.g. taking a match from a box and lighting it. Lesion usually involves the dominant parietal lobe.
On asking the patient to brush his teeth he picks up a pen to brush his teeth.
Conceptual Apraxia
Patients make content and tool selection errors. Patients may not recall the type of actions associated with certain tools.
A patient has greater impairment when imitating movements than when pantomiming to command.
Conduction Apraxia
