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Micro Test 3 > Most Common/ Drugs > Flashcards

Most Common/ Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (20-60% of adult women are infected)

A

HPV

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2
Q

The majority of genital warts are caused by HPV types __ & __

A

6 & 11

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3
Q

Cervical cancers are caused mostly by HPV type __ but types __, __, and __ also cause cervical cancers.

A

16

18, ,31, and 45

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4
Q

What HPV types cause laryngeal papillomas?

A

6 & 11

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5
Q

What HPV types cause conjunctival papillomas?

A

6 & 11

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6
Q

What HPV types cause focal epithelial hyperplasia?

A

13 & 32

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7
Q

What HPV types cause cervical cancer?

A

16, 18, 31, and 45

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8
Q

What drugs are used against HPV?

A
  1. Podofilox (chemical to remove warts)
  2. Topical Cidofovir (inhibit viral DNA synthesis in immunocompromised ppl)
  3. Interferon and Imiquimod (stimulate immune response)
  4. Gardasil (for types 6, 11, 16, and 18)
  5. Cervarix
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9
Q

The most common disorders of this virus include URT infections, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitis and gastroenteritis.

A

Adenovirus

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10
Q

_____________ infections account for 5-10% of all viral infections and are seen most commonly in children and military recruits.

A

Adenovirus

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11
Q

This virus is the 2nd most important cause of primary gastroenteritis in infants and is used as a vector for gene replacement therapy

A

Adenovirus

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12
Q

What serotypes are most common for Adenoviridae?

A

1-7

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13
Q

What serotypes are most common among military recruits for adenovirus?

A

4 & 7

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14
Q

When infected with adenovirus, the patient often has _________ along with ___________.

A

Conjunctivitis & pharyngitis

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15
Q

Swimming pools are a common source for outbreaks of _________-Related__________

A

Adenovirus-related conjunctivitis

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16
Q

Adenovirus serotypes __, __, & __ cause infant diarrhea.

A

40, 41, & 42

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17
Q

T/F - All human herpes viruses have the capacity to persist in their host indefinitely in the form of an episome

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Who is most vulnerable to infection by Herpesvirus?

A

Infants

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19
Q

What phase of the herpesvirus does viral genomes persist, no disease, no replication of the virus, and the individual is not infectious?

A

Latency

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20
Q

Where does the simplex viruses and VZV establish latency?

A

Neurons

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21
Q

Where does CMV, EBV, and HHV6 establish latency?

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

What causes reactivation?

A

Stress, pregnancy, menses, disease, suppressive therapy (immunosuppression) - this allows the virus to replicate again and host becomes infectious

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23
Q

What virus is the most common and persistent in humans?

A

Herpesviruses

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24
Q

The most common site of inoculation with HSV1 is what?

A

Oral mucosa

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25
The most common site of inoculation with HSV 2 is what?
Genital mucosa
26
HSV1 is generally transmitted by _____ route.
Oral
27
HSV2 is generally transmitted ___________.
Sexually
28
T/F - Both HSV1 and HSV2 cause oral herpes.
TRUE
29
What is the leading cause of sporadic encephalitis in US adults?
HSV1
30
What is a Tzanck smear and what virus is it used for?
Smear looks for epidermal multi-nucleated cells and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions - used for HSV
31
What drugs are used for HSV?
1. Acyclovir (topical or capsules - non-ocular herpes infections) 2. Trifluidine (opthalmic solutions)
32
A favorable ratio of _____ to _________ suppresses HSV viral replication.
Lysine to arginine ratio (includes beef, chicken, fish, milk, beans, most fruits and vegetables).
33
What is the only HHV that spreads person-to-person via airborne transmission?
HHV3 - VZV - Varicella Zoster Virus
34
Unusual complications of this virus include the devitalization of teeth or root resorption.
Herpes zoster - shingles - reactivated VZV
35
A complication of shingles resulting in a chronic pain syndrome affecting the nerve fibers and skin is called ____________ _________.
Postherpetic neuralgia
36
What HHV is oncogenic?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) - HHV4
37
What virus infects B cells which causes T cell activation?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV or HHV4)
38
What causes the majority (79%) of cases of mononucleosis?
EBV or HHV4
39
What type of infection has been a particular problem for patients following a solid-organ transplant and for AIDS patients?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
40
What HHV has the largest genome?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
41
What is the most common viral cause of congenital birth defects?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
42
What can cause enamel hypoplasia of primary teeth?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
43
What is the most common opportunistic pathogen in the immunocompromised?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
44
What virus is a major cause of blindness and death in patients with AIDS?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
45
T/F - CMV causes ~21% of the cases of infectious mononucleosis.
TRUE
46
What virus is unusual in that it has a DNA genome, but contains RNA in the virion as well (RNA help to initiate the infection within the host cell)?
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
47
This virus can be transmitted through saliva, tears, urine, stool, semen, and breast milk....
Cytomegalovirus (HHV5)
48
Sialadentis causes bilateral swelling of the salivary glands and is usually quite painful. What virus causes this?
CMV
49
What is the most common opportunistic ocular infection and produces hemorrhagic necrotizing retinitis?
CMV
50
What is a telltale cytopathic effect of CMV infection?
"Owl's eye" inclusion body present
51
How would you test for CMV?
1. Indirect ELISA (look for CMV antibodies) | 2. Direct immunofluorescence of CMV viral antigens from a bronchioalveolar lavage, blood, or CSF.
52
What medication would you use to treat CMV?
Ganciclovir (THis drug is quite toxic and is given to AIDS patients only. It can be given by IV or can be surgically inplanted into the eye)
53
What is characterized by the rapid onset of high fever for about 4 days followed by faint maculopapular rash over the neck, trunk, and buttocks?
Roseola
54
T/F - The seroprevalence of HHV6 is 100% while HHV7 is 85% in Northern American adults.
True
55
_______ __________ lesions may appear as red, purple, or dusty patches and may mimic an amalgam tattoo on the gums or hard palate.
Kaposi's sarcoma
56
What virus causes the common cold?
Rhinovirus
57
How is coxsakievirus spread?
Fecal-oral route as well as droplets and direct contact when acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is present.
58
What disease is more common in summer months and results in an increased amount of infections just after children return to school after summer breaks?
Coxsakievirus
59
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) causes painful red blisters to form on the throat, tongue, gums, palms of hands and feet. What virus causes this?
Coxsakievirus
60
What virus causes Herpangina (very sore throat characterized by red-ringed blisters and ulcers on the tonsils and soft palate)?
Coxsakievirus
61
T/F - About 90% of cases of aseptic meningitis (non-bacterial) are caused by coxsakievirus and echoviruses.
TRUE
62
Coxsackievirus can also cause _____________ ___________ which begins as an eye pain, followed by red watery eyes with swelling, light sensitivity, and blurred vision (very contagious).
Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
63
What is the treatment for coxsackievirus?
Pain relievers may be used, bed rest, fluids to prevent dehydration, hand washing, and cleaning of things around the house - NO VACCINE
64
What are the clinical syndromes for coxsackievirus?
1. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (blisters on hands and feet) 2. Herpangina (red-ringed blisters in throat) 3. Aseptic meningitis 4. Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
65
What causes the most number and the mot sever cases of flu, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality?
Influenza A, then B then C.
66
What virus contains glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase that play roles in pathogenesis?
Influenzavirus
67
What does the HA protein bind to?
Sialic acid residues present on the surface of epithelial cells within the respiratory tract.
68
What protein helps to facilitate acidification of the endosome to allow the release of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm?
M2

Micro Test 3 (4 decks)

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