Most common ... Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of AS

A

bicuspid valve
calcification
(other: rheumatic, IE)

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2
Q

most common cause of MS in US vs developing countries

A

US: endocarditis, calcification
dev: rheumatic fever

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3
Q

most MIs occur when (intraop or post op)

A

< 48 hours post op

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4
Q

HTN prevalence in US

A

30%

only 1/3 realize they have it

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5
Q

95% HTN is (primary or secondary)

A

primary (unknown cause)

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6
Q

most common cause of acute pericarditis

A

viral

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7
Q

preferred anesthesia technique for pericardiocentesis

A

local anesthesia

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8
Q

most common autosomal dominant cardiovascular disease and most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

A

obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HOCM, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, idiopathic subaortic stenosis

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9
Q

best treatment for stent thrombosis

A

PCI

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10
Q

most common awareness time during CABG

A
  1. sternotomy (most)

2. rewarming

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11
Q

most common complications of IABP

A

vascular injury
infection
thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

most common cause of death in LVAD pt

A

sepsis/infection

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13
Q

most common classification system used for AAA/TAA

A

Crawford

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14
Q

most difficult Crawford stage to repair

A

2 and 3

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15
Q

Crawford associated with most significant periop risk (paraplegia, renal failure post op)

A

Crawford 2

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16
Q

most common cause of postop death in AAA rupture

A

MI

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17
Q

most common cause of stroke post carotid

A

emboli

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18
Q

most common complication of carotid angioplasty stenting

A

thromboembolic stroke (tx: TPA)

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19
Q

most common cause of death in tumescent anesthesia

A

PE

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20
Q

most common cause of periop allergic reaction

A

most to least (SAC-RV)

  1. succs
  2. atric
  3. cisatric
  4. roc
  5. vec
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21
Q

most delicate part of the anesthesia machine

A

flowmeters - made of glass

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22
Q

most common site of circuit disconnect (1st and 2nd)

A
  1. y-piece

2. CO2 canister

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23
Q

most common cause of vaporizer leak

A

loose filler cap

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24
Q

most common LOCATION (not cause) for leak to occur in low pressure

A

internal leak

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25
Q

most unstable halogenated anesthetic in presence of soda lime

A

sevo

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26
Q

most common source of preventable equipment related complications

A

circuit disconnection

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27
Q

most critical component of scavenger

A

Interface

  • remove too much (too much negative pressure)
  • remove too little (barotrauma)
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28
Q

main 2 factors that determine rate of passive diffusion

A

lipid solubility

conc gradient

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29
Q

the principle transport protein involved in the movement of drugs across biologic membranes (Nagelhout chart)

A

P-glycoproteins

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30
Q

most common complication while obtaining central line

A

dysrhythmia

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31
Q

most common cause of tachyarrhythmias

A

re-entry pathways

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32
Q

most common pre-excitation syndrome

A

WPW

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33
Q

most common tachydysrhythmia associated with WPW

A

AV nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT - can be orthodromic or antidromic)

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34
Q

most common and very flexible pacing mode

A

DDD

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35
Q

greatest risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on pacemaker function

A

electrocautery (coagulation > cutting; mono > bipolar or ultrasonic harmonic scalpel) and radiofrequency ablation

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36
Q

most common site of brain herniation

A

transtentoral at temporal UNCUS

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37
Q

most important risk factor for ischemic stroke

A

HTN

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38
Q

most common cause of SAH

A

aneurysm rupture

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39
Q

most significant source of morbidity and mortality in patient with SAH

A

cerebral vasospasm

4-9 days post SAH

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40
Q

most common eye complication

A

corneal abrasion

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41
Q

most common cause of vision loss

A

ION

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42
Q

adamkiewicz most commonly originates from

A

T11-12 (left side)

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43
Q

most common site of SCI

A

C7

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44
Q

major causes of morbidity and mortality post cervical/upper thoracic SCI lesions

A
  1. ineffective alveolar ventilation

2. inability to clear secretions

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45
Q

85% of patients with SCI get autonomic hyperreflexia with injury above which level

A

above T6

46
Q

most common cause of death in ALS

A

respiratory failure

47
Q

most common cause of acute, generalized paralysis

A

Guillain-Barre

48
Q

most common co-existing cardiovascular disease in scoliosis

A

-mitral valve prolapse

49
Q

most common airway complication of RA

A

atlantoaxial subluxation and separation of altanto-odontoid articulation

50
Q

most common side effect of neuraxial opioids

A

pruritic (trigeminal nucleus stimulation - not mast cell)

51
Q

most common culprit for post-spinal bacterial meningitis

A

streptococcus viridians

52
Q

greatest risk for pneumothorax with this block

A

supraclavicular

53
Q

Of all lower extremity peripheral blocks which one has the highest rate of complications

A

psoas

54
Q

major ICF ions

A

K Mg PO4

55
Q

major ECF ions

A

Na Cl Ca HCO3

56
Q

most common inherited disorder of platelet function

A

Von Willebrand Disease

57
Q

highest risk for DIC (3)

A
  • sepsis
  • OB (preeclampsia, abruption, amnio fluid embolism)
  • malignancy
58
Q

most common infection of blood transfusion: (most to least)

A

CMV

CMV > B > C > HIV

59
Q

most common cause of transfusion related mortality in united states (TRALI or TACO)

A

TRALI

60
Q

highest risk DONORS of Blood (don’t want to receive donation from these folks)

A
  • multiparous women (highest risk)
  • hx blood transfusion
  • hx of organ transplant
61
Q

most important determinant of GFR

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

62
Q

most common cause of perioperative kidney injury

A

ischemia-reperfusion injury

63
Q

most common cause of CKD (2)

A
  1. diabetes

2. HTN

64
Q

most common cause of death in CKD

A

CAD (assume all CKD patients have CAD)

65
Q

most common event during dialysis

A

hypotension

66
Q

leading cause of death in dialysis patient

A

infection

67
Q

most common anesthetic approach for TURP

A

neuraxial (spinal - preferred) to T10

68
Q

largest internal organ

A

liver

69
Q

most common cause of viral hepatitis

A

hep A > B > C

70
Q

most specific indicator of biliary obstruction

A

5’-Nucleotidase

71
Q

most common cause of liver cancer and indication for liver transplantation

A

hepatitis

72
Q

most common cause of SIADH

A

TBI

73
Q

most common cause of DI

A

pit surgery

74
Q

nearly all cases of acromegaly are cause by this

A

pituitary adenoma

75
Q

most common cause of hyper and hypothyroidism

A
  1. hyper - graves

2. hypo - hashimotos

76
Q

most common time for thyroid storm to occur due to surgical stress in post op period

A

6-18 hours post op

77
Q

most common signs of carcinoid syndrome

A

flushing

diarrhea

78
Q

leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality

A

prematurity

79
Q

most common cause of maternal death

A

failure to successfully manage the airway

80
Q

highest risk for teratogenesis

A

gestation days 13-60

81
Q

most common critical pathology associated with healthy parturient

A

preeclampsia

82
Q

most common congenital defect of esophagus

A

esophageal atresia

83
Q

most common site of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Bochdalek (on left)

84
Q

most common cyanotic heart anomaly

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

85
Q

most common congenital cardiac anomaly in infant and children

A

VSD

86
Q

most common congenital cardiac defect in adults

A

bicuspid aortic valve

87
Q

most common congenital defect of tricuspid valve

A

epstein’s

88
Q

most common chromosomal disorder

A

trisomy 21

89
Q

(in trisomy 21) most common co-existing congenital heart dz

A
  1. AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

2. VSD (2nd most common)

90
Q

most common indication for liver transplant in child less than 2 years old

A

biliary atresia

91
Q

most significant risk factor for developing cancer

A

old age

92
Q

most common coexisting disease in elderly (and.. 4 most common of those)

A

cardiac disease

  1. HTN
  2. CAD
  3. CHF
  4. MI
93
Q

most common cause of postop death in elderly population)

A

MI

94
Q

most sensitive indicator of renal function and drug clearance in elderly

A

creatinine CLEARANCE (not serum creatinine by itself - which is a poor indicator dt low muscle mass)

95
Q

most susceptible area of injury when exposed to ionizing radiation (in non-pregnant person vs non pregnant)

A

pregnant - fetus

non-preg - eye, thyroid

96
Q

most vulnerable part of ETT

A

cuff

97
Q

most common cause of death with electroconvulsive therapy

A

MI and dysrhythmias

98
Q

most common side effect of prophylactic antibiotics (including cephalosporins)

A

pseudomembranous colitis (aka C-diff)

99
Q

most common test for TB

A

Mantoux text (skin test)

100
Q

most abundant WBC type (60%)

A

neutrophils

101
Q

most common culprit for periop allergic reaction

A
  1. NMB (Succs most)
  2. Latex
  3. Antibiotics (beta lactams most)
102
Q

most common side effect of Zofran

A

h/a

diarrhea

103
Q

greatest risk for Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome (BCIS) (which surgery?)

A

hip arthroplasty

104
Q

most common cause of liver failure in U.S.

A

Tylenol

105
Q

according to closed claims, most common cause of injury: top 4

A
  1. regional
  2. respiratory
  3. cardiac
  4. equipement
106
Q

most common cause of equipment related morbidity and mortality

A

human error

107
Q

most useful confirmation of pulmonary HTN (obesity lecture)

A

tricuspid regurgitation on TEE

108
Q

most effective treatment for the reversal of obesity

A

bariatric surgery

109
Q

most common injured peripheral nerve

A

ulnar

110
Q

most common periop eye injury vs post op

A

intra - corneal abrasion

post - ION

111
Q

highest risk for ulnar injury when forearms are in this position

A

forearm pronation

112
Q

most common cause of ION (2 intraop issues)

A

impaired perfusion
increased IOP
(these cause hypoperfusion and ischemia of optic nerve)