Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path (Elliot) > Most common > Flashcards

Most common Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia in adults over 50?

A

Colorectal Polyps/Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common cause of UTIs overall?

A

E.Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which cause of UTIs mainly affects young women?

A

Staphylococcus saphrophyticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?

A

Iodine Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the UK?

A

Autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction?

A

Diverticular Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common location for bowel ischaemia?

A

Splenic Flexure

SMA -> IMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which organ is most commonly transplanted?

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four most common causes of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Staph aureus
Klebsiella spp
Pseudomonas
Haemophilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common cause of typical pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common STI in europe?

A

Gonococcal Erethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common STI in young adults in the UK?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the 2nd most common cancer in women worldwide?

A

Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common form of cervical cancer?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common form of hypernatraemia?

A

Hypovolaemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most common cause of respiratory acidosis?

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two most common vectors for Rabies?

A

Dogs

Bats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common cause of AL Amyloidosis?

A

Multiple Myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide?

A

IgA Nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common cause of encephalitis?

A

HSV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common cause of fungal meningitis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the UK?

A

Colorectal Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the most common form of colorectal carcinoma?

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most common location for colorectal adenocarcinoma?

A

Rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the most common form of classical complement deficiency?

A

C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the most commonly used form of immune adjuvant?

A

Aluminium Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which blood product is most commonly infected with bacteria?

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the most common cause of CKD?

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the most common site of an intraparenchymal haemorrhage?

A

Basal Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the most common species causing malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the most common gene mutation causing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A

Beta-MHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which is the most commonly affected valve in Endocarditis in an IVDU?

A

Tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which is the most commonly infected valve in Endocarditis in a non-IVDU?

A

Mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the most common cause of IE overall?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the most common cause of IE in an IVDU?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the most common cause of IE stemming from a dental abscess?

A

Streptococcus viridans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the most common causes of culture-negative IE?

A

HACEK organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the most common location for a carcinoid tumour?

A

Bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which is the most common porphyria?

A

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the most common cause of a non-anaemic macrocytosis?

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the most common type of Ovarian Tumour?

A

Serous Cystadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the most common oestrogen-secreting tumour?

A

Mucinous Cystadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the most common malignancy in women?

A

Breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which Ovarian malignancy most commonly presents in young women?

A

Dysgerminoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the most common benign ovarian tumour in young women?

A

Teratoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which valve is most commonly affected in Acute Rheumatic Fever?

A

Mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the most common Renal Malignancy?

A

Epithelial Renal Cell Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the 2nd most common childhood malignancy?

A

Nephroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Where is Transitional Cell carcinoma most commonly found?

A

Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma?

A

Clear Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the most common causes of PID in the UK?

A

Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the most common tumour of the female genital tract?

A

Leimyoma (Fibroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What are the three most common locations for kidney stone impaction?

A

Pelvi-Ureteric junction
Pelvic Brim
Vesico-Ureteric Junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the most common histological subtype of Prostate Cancer in men over 50?

A

Adenocarcinoma

56
Q

What is the most common subtype of testicular tumour?

A

Germ Cell Tumours

57
Q

What is the most common type of male germinal tumour?

A

Seminoma

58
Q

What is the most common precursor lesion of testicular tumours?

A

Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia

59
Q

What is the most common cause of malignant SIADH?

A

Small Cell Lung Cancer

60
Q

What is the most common paraprotein type seen in Multiple Myeloma?

A

IgG

61
Q

What is the most common malignancy in Equatorial Africa?

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

62
Q

What is the 2nd most common form of porphyria?

A

Acute Intermittent Porphyria

63
Q

What is the most common cause of lactational mastitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

64
Q

What is the most common subtype of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Nodular Sclerosing

65
Q

What is the most common cause of iatrogenic CJD?

A

Surgery

66
Q

What is the most common prion disease?

A

Sporadic CJD

67
Q

What is the most common cause of sudden death in the first 24 hours after an MI?

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

68
Q

What is the most common cancer in women?

A

Breast

69
Q

What is the most common subtype of breast cancer?

A

Invasive Ductal

70
Q

What is the most common cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

Chronic Liver Disease

71
Q

What is the most common cause of malignant liver lesions?

A

Metastases from GI/Breast/Bronchus

72
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis in 3m-2yo?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

73
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in over 3s?

A

Neisseria Meningitides

74
Q

What is the most common form of Amyloidosis?

A

AL

75
Q

What is the most common cause of familial amyloidosis?

A

Familial Mediterranean Fever

76
Q

What is the most common presentation of Amyloidois?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

77
Q

What is the most common cause of Cerebral Infarction?

A

Cerebral Artherosclerosis

78
Q

Which vascular territory is most commonly affected in Cerebral Infarction?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

79
Q

What is the most common form of Peptic Ulcer?

A

Duodenal

80
Q

What is the most common type of Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia?

A

Warm Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia

81
Q

What is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in children?

A

Minimal Change Disease

82
Q

What is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Afro-Caribbean people?

A

Focal segmental Glomerulonephritis

83
Q

What is the most common benign tumour of the bone?

A

Osteochondroma

84
Q

What is the most common form of brain tumour?

A

Metastatic Lesions

85
Q

What is the most common group of primary brain tumours?

A

Astrocytomas

86
Q

What is the most common Neuroepithelial Tumour?

A

Astrocytoma

87
Q

What is the most common Meningeal Tumour?

A

Meningioma

88
Q

What are the 2 most common sites of origin of metastatic brain lesions?

A

Lung (Small Cell)

Breast

89
Q

What is the most common cause of oesophagitis?

A

GORD

90
Q

What is the most common cause of a macrocytic anaemia in Western countries?

A

Pernicious Anaemia

91
Q

What is the most common form of Renal Cell Carcinoma seen in dialysis-associated cystic disease?

A

Papillary Carcinoma

92
Q

What is the most common site of disease in Sarcoidosis?

A

Lungs

93
Q

What is the most common drug used in hyperthyroidism?

A

Carbimazole

94
Q

What is the most common cause of Chronic Liver Disease in the West?

A

Non-Alcoholic fatty Liver Disease

95
Q

What is the most common subtype of lung cancer?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

96
Q

What is the most common subtype of lung cancer in women?

A

Adenocarcinoma

97
Q

What is the most common subtype of lung cancer in non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

98
Q

What is the most common cause of Febrile Convulsions?

A

Roseola Infantum

99
Q

What is the most common cause of acute renal failure?

A

Pre-Renal

100
Q

What is the most common renal cause of acute renal failure?

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

101
Q

What is the most common benign tumour of the liver?

A

Haemangioma

102
Q

What is the most common form of Psoriasis?

A

Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

103
Q

What is the most common cause of Acute Pyelonephritis?

A

Escherichia Coli

104
Q

What is the most common Erythrocyte enzyme defect?

A

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

105
Q

What is the most common benign tumour of the breast?

A

Fibroadenoma

106
Q

What is the most common cause of Hypoparathyroidism?

A

Postsurgical

107
Q

What is the most common subtype of Pancreatic Cancer?

A

Ductal Adenocarcinoma

108
Q

What is the most common susceptibility gene mutation in Breast Cancer?

A

BRCA1/2

109
Q

What is the most common cause of Aplastic Anaemia?

A

Idiopathic

110
Q

What is the most common location of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Middle 1/3

111
Q

What is the most common gene mutation associated with Crohn’s Disease?

A

NOD2

112
Q

What is the most common inherited clotting disorder in the Western World?

A

Factor V Leiden

113
Q

What is the most common endogenous cause of Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Pituitary Tumour (Cushing’s Disease)

114
Q

What is the most common subtype of Endometrial Carcinoma?

A

Endometroid

115
Q

What is the most common type of Endometroid Endometrial Cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

116
Q

What is the most commonly seen mutation in Myelofibrosis?

A

JAK2

117
Q

What is the most commonly seen mutation in Essential Thrombocytopaenia?

A

JAK2

118
Q

What is the most common mutation seen in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis?

A

AD mutation in APC gene

119
Q

What is the most common cause of Viral Meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses

120
Q

What is the most common mutation seen in Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease?

A

AD mutation in PKD1 gene

121
Q

What is the most common form of Thyroid malignancy?

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

122
Q

What is the most likely cause of Medullary Thyroid carcinoma?

A

Sporadic

123
Q

What is the most common antibody implicated in Pernicious Anaemia?

A

Gastric Parietal Cells

124
Q

What is the most common location for an Osteosarcoma?

A

Knee

125
Q

How is CLL most commonly diagnosed?

A

Incidentally

126
Q

What is the most common syndromic association of Hirchsprung Disease?

A

Down’s

127
Q

What is the most common cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Single Parathyroid Adenoma

128
Q

What is the second most common cause of Primary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hyperplasia/Multiple Adenomas

129
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism?

A

CKD

Vitamin D Deficiency

130
Q

What is the most common composition of renal stones?

A

Calcium Oxalate

131
Q

What is the second most common composition of renal stones?

A

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate

132
Q

What is the most common location for an undescended testis?

A

Inguinal Canal

133
Q

What is the most common cause of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency?

A

X-Linked SCID

134
Q

What is the most common cause of subarachnoid haemorrhages?

A

Ruptured Berry Aneurysms

135
Q

What is the most common cause of intraparenchymal haemorrhage?

A

Hypertension

136
Q

What is the most common location to find an enchondroma?

A

Hands

137
Q

What is the most common site of Diverticular Disease?

A

Left Colon

Path (Elliot) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions