Mosquito-Borne Diseases Flashcards
What type of virus is Dengue?
Arbovirus
Where are you at risk of contracting Dengue?
How does dengue fever spread?
By the day-biting Aedes mosquito
Incubation of Dengue.
3-14 days
Clinical presentation of Dengue.
Fever up to 40C
N+V
Headache
Retro-ortbital pain
Myalgia
Arthralgia
+ve tourniquet test Rash (inflate BP cuff to midway between systolic and diastolic for 5 min and there will be a petechial rash.
Warning signs of critical phase disease in Dengue.
May occur 3-7d into illness and needs hospital admission.
Abdominal pain
Persistent vomiting
Fluid accumulation
Mucosal bleeding
Hepatomegaly
Increased haematocrit
Decreased platelets
Clinical presentation of severe disease in Dengue.
Shock
Respiratory distress
Severe bleeding
Organ involvements with transaminases going over 1000, decreased GCS.
Diagnosis of Dengue.
PCR for virus/ELISA antigen during viraemia.
Serology of IgM and IgG after 5 days.
Decreased platelets, WCC.
Increased LFTs
Treatment of dengue fever.
Supportive: Prompt but careful fluid balance due to potential for plasma leak.
IV crystalloid to maintain effective circulation, however this should only be done in severe disease - 20ml/kg over 15-30 min if there is hypotensive shock.
Reduce IV fluid as soon as stable.
Beware that plasma leak will maintain haematocrit unless there is bleeding.
Consider transfusion if haematocrity decreases without clinical improvement.
Avoid NSAIDs.
What is Chikungunya?
An arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquito.
Where is Chikungunya endemic?
Asia
Africa
Europa
Americas
Presentation of Chikungunya.
Incubation of 1-12 days.
Fever
Polyarthralgia that is bilateral, symmetrical, severe and persistent.
Headache
Myalgia
N+V
Maculopapular rash
Diagnosis of Chikungunya.
Viral culture/PCR
Serology
Treatment of Chikungunya.
Supportive
Analgesia.
What is Yellow fever?
An arbovirus spread by Aedes mosquitoes.
