Immunisation

Question 1

Explain passive immunity.

Answer 1

Uses pre-formed antibody to protect against infections.

It offers an immediate but a short-lived protection.

The natural passive immunity occurs in the placental transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus.

Acquired passive immunity includes treatment with immunoglobulin like hep B, rabies, tetanus and VZV.

Question 2

Explain active immunity.

Answer 2

Follows exposure to an antigen, this generates an adaptive immune response.

• *Natural active immunity** occurs following infection.
• *Acquired active immunity** is provided by vaccination.

Question 3

When are live vaccines contraindicated?

Answer 3

In immunosuppression because it can cause disseminated disease.

Question 4

What can be given in patient that are immunecompromised instead of live vaccines?

Answer 4

Inactivated vaccines.

However the antibody response may be less.

Aim to give more then 2 weeks prior to immunosuppressive therapy when possible.

Question 5

Question 6

Give examples of live vaccines

Answer 6

Viral
Measles, mumps, rubella, vaccinia, varicella zoster, yellow fever, rotavirus, intranasal influenza, oral polio

Bacterial

BCG
Oral typhoid