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Mosquito Exam > MOSQ > Flashcards

MOSQ Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four ways pesticides can be grouped

A
  1. Target organism
  2. Mechanism of action
  3. Inherent properties
  4. Chemical family
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2
Q

What are three “inherent properties” of pesticides?

A
  1. Route of entry
  2. Selectivity
  3. Residual effectivity
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3
Q

What are different ways pesticides affect mosquitos and biting flies?

A
  1. Growth regulators (chitin, juvenile hormones)
  2. Asphyxicants
  3. Repellents
  4. Toxicants
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4
Q

Describe how selectivity affects pesticide grouping?

A

May mean whether insecticide is selective for one group or broad-spectrum

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5
Q

Describe how residual effectiveness is used to group pesticides. List four types of effects that help organize this inherent property group

A

This refers to the ability of a pesticide to remain effective after treatment. This includes growth regulators, asphyxicants, repellents, toxicants

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6
Q

Grouping by chemical family is indicated on the pesticide label. List the name of six of the families in ch1 and give specific insecticide as an example of each

A

Carbamates (Group 1A): Ex. Propoxur
Organophosphates (Group 1B): Ex. malathion
Pyrethroid (Group 3): Ex. permethrin
Juvenile hormone mimics (Group 7): Ex. methoprene
Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (Group 15): Ex. diflubenzuron
Bacillus microbes (Group 11): Ex. Bacillus thuringiensis

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7
Q

What agencies are responsible for developing nuisance mosquito control programs?

A

Federal, provincial, municipal govt

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8
Q

which Act prohibits the deposition of deleterious substances into fish bearing waters/disruption of fish habitat?

A

The Fisheries Act

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9
Q

If the alteration of mosquito development sites affects fish habitat, what must the control program entail?

A

Consulting both provincial and federal fisheries and wildlife officials

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10
Q

Cholinesterase inhibition is performed by what pesticides?

A

Organophosphates and carbamates

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11
Q

Can human health be impacted by handling pesticides?

A

Yes. Must be in good health to handle em

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12
Q

What is cholinesterase inhibition?

A

Affects nervous system of most animals -prevent breakdown of acetylcholine. Symptoms can vary and include twitching and headaches.

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13
Q

When would symptoms of acute cholinesterase poisoning be apparent?

A

within 12 hrs

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14
Q

Which two pesticide families may cause cholinesterase inhibition?

A

Carbamates and organophosphates

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15
Q

What s a cholinesterase test? How often should an applicator have one?

A

A test to determine circulating acteylcholinesterase enzyme. Should be performed once before the season (before exposure) and several times during

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16
Q

What is the main risk to human health from insects? Give an example?

A

Primary risk is disease transmission (ex. in MB, West Nile virus)

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17
Q

What precuations should be taken to lower risk of bystander exposure to pesticides used in a mosquito control program?

A

notify public, perform applications when there is low human activity, prevent direct contact

18
Q

Is larviciding program low or high risk to bystander exposure?

A

Low, unless people are drinking the water

19
Q

Name some of the precautions residents should be advised of before a wide scale ULV adulticiding program is initiated?

A

Close windows
- Bring small toys/laundry indoors
- Cover outdoor furniture/play equipment
- Cover wading/swimming pools
- Bring pet food/containers indoors
Cover fish ponds
Turn of air conditioning/close external vents

20
Q

What precautions are necessary for residents to take DURING ULV application?

A

Stay indoors, keep children/pets indoors
If one comes into contact with adulticide, wash with soap and water and rinse eyes with water/saline eye drops. Change clothing. Call poison control if there are adverse health risks

21
Q

What should residents be told to do AFTER ULV application?

A
  • Allowing adulticide mist to settle before reopening doors/windows
    • Minimizing contact with outdoor surfaces until pesticide has dried
    • Rinse off outdoor furniture/play equipment after
      Rinse garden fruits/veggies
22
Q

What type of adulticide reduces bystander exposure risk?

A

using residual application

23
Q

What does a restricted entry level (REI) refer to? Where do you find this info?

A

REI is time required to pass before reentry to area treated w pesticide is allowed. This is found on the pesticide label

24
Q

Name some areas that need to be protected from a larvicidal mosquito control program. Why?

A
  • Back channels of streams/rivers used for fish rearing
    • Weedy shorelines of lakes (essential areas for nesting waterfowl)
      Drainage ditches connected to fish bearing waters/potable water sources
      Larvae may be used as a food source for other aquatic invertebrates, fish, and other animals
25
Q

We know a pesticide s register for a specific use because it has a pest control product number issued by whom? What info can you find on this label?

A

Issued by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA). Organized info about pesticide, including registration, specific uses of product, application methods, targeted species, chemical group, active ingedient, common names, and toxicity info

26
Q

Why is it important to follow the recommendations listed on a pesticide product label?

A

There can be serious consequences if misused - it’s illegal and it may harm wilflife or humans.

27
Q

Give examples of environmental areas which are deemed sensitive

A

Parks, wildlife reserves, apiaries, water bodies consumed by humans, public swimming areas

28
Q

What are the three main body portions of an insect?

A

Head, thorax abdomen

29
Q

What are the four distinct phases of a complete metamorphosis life cycle?

A
  1. Egg
  2. Larva
  3. Pupa
  4. Adult
30
Q

what are some things that are generally true for all biting flies

A

Eat blood, usually only female collects it. Single pair of membranous wings, well developed compound eyes. Females adapted for piercing or slicing skin, then sucking blood.

31
Q

Name three sites where mosquito larvae can usually be found

A

ditches, marshes, puddles, rain barrels, snow melt ponds, floodwater pools, artifical ponds (ex. lagoons), hoof/foot prints, stagnant water

32
Q

Name three species of mosquito and describe two characteristics of each

A

Aedes vexans - Continues to be active in august and sometimes september. Larvae are found in grassy and marshy habitats
Culex tarsalis - Can be come active in April/May, PRimary transmitter of west nile virus and western equine encephalitis
Culex pipiens - primary vector of WNV - referred to as “house mosquito”
Culex restauns - USually not attracted to humans/ May transmit Eastern equine encaphilitis virus
Culiseta inornata - Larvae appear in early season in many habitats, may have several generations per year. More active in cooler weather

33
Q

Name three categories that standing bodies of water can be classified in relation to mosquito control. Explain how this is helpful to know when implementing larviciding

A
  1. temporary pools - periodic drying and reflooding within a season (Mosquitos require short life cycle)
  2. semi permanent pools - snow melt pools, seldom completely dry.
  3. permanent pools - remain for many years (Mosquitos usually have to be laid on water surface)
    exist to establish priority level for treatment
34
Q

What type of environmental conditions affect the life cycle of mosquitos?

A

Moisture (ex more snow = more mosquitos), humidity (desiccation), temperature, wind conditions (facilitate swarming reproduction)

35
Q

What does “IPM” stand for?

A

Integrated pest management

36
Q

Name two elements of an IPM strategy for mosquitos

A
  • preventing biting fly from becoming a pest problem by planning/managing ecosystems
  • Identifying the biting fly, identifying beneficial species that are present in the same area
  • Monitoring the pest and beneficial species populations, pest damage, environmental conditions
  • Using injury and action threshholds to determine when to start treatment
  • Using treatments that include a combination of methods (cultural, biological, physical, mechanical, behavioural, chemical)
  • Evaluating the effects/efficacy of IPM strategies
37
Q

Ina n IPM program, what actions can prevent mosquito pop’ns from growing to nuisance levels?

A
  • exposuing ponds/pools to wind/wave action
  • eliminating temp pools of water
  • draining ditches more quickly
  • mowing ditches to remove excess vegetation (ensuring grass doesn’t enter water)
  • constructing sewage lagoons, famr dugouts in such a way that they are unfavourable (ex. steeply sloped sides, gravel shores, aeration)
  • Draining unused pools
  • storing items that could fill with water
  • covering rain barrels with mesh screens
  • cleaning eavestroughs
  • draining/refilling birdbaths regularly
  • wearing light coloured clothing, wearing repellent
  • avoiding the outdoors are sunrise/sunset
  • installing screens on homes
  • vaccinating animals against mosquito borne disease
38
Q

What are common types of control methods for mosquitos?

A

cultural
biological - biological treatment methods like bacteria that taget specific mosquitos
physical/mechanical - electrocuting devices
behavioural - pheremones to disrupt mating, or chemicals to attract pests
chemical - pesticides

39
Q

What formulations are used when larviciding?

A

Liquids (cheaper) or granules (penetrate vegetative cover easily, do not drift much)

40
Q

name 3 different ways adulticides can be applied

A

Thermal fogging (cloud of spray droplets that penetrate vegetation. recomm. wind speed of 3-8km/hr), residual sprays (onto surfaces that mosquitos may rest - during peak mosquito times), ULV (kills flying mosquitos - don’t need carrier liquid, produce mist)

Mosquito Exam (2 decks)

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