CORE Flashcards
An algicide affects what kind of organism?
Algae
A fungicide affects what kind of organism?
fungi
An herbicide affects what kind of organism?
plants
An insecticide affects what kind of organism?
insects
An molluscicide affects what kind of organism?
slugs
An piscicide affects what kind of organism?
Fish
An rodenticide affects what kind of organism?
rats
An acaricide affects what kind of organism?
arachnids (spiders/ticks)
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a solution?
Adv: Active ingedient available at high conc
Disadv: High conc of active ingredient so high risk of exposure
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a emulsifiable concentrate?
Adv: Little agitation required
Dis: Higher phytotoxicity
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a flowable?
Adv: Very little nozzle clogging
Dis: Constant agitation needed
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a dust?
Adv: Ready to use
Dis: drifts easily
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called granules?
Adv: ready to use
Dis: possible to inhale dust
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called soluble granules?
Adv: Safer to handle
Dis: Mixing is required
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a soluble powder?
Adv: Agitation needed only to mix initially
Dis: If inhaled as powder, can be hazardous
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a wettable powder?
Adv: It’s easy to store in unheated locations
Dis: high exposure risk
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a dry flowable?
Adv: Low risk of exposure
Dis: high risk of exposure through skin, eyes, inhaling
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called bait?
Adv: ready to use
Dis: Could be eaten by pets, wildlife, children
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a fumigant?
Adv: Penetrates hard-to-reach areas, to kill target pests
Dis: High exposure risk
What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pesticide formulation called a pressurized product?
Adv: Ready to use
Dis: risk of inhalation
What are the three ways of naming pesticides?
- Chemical name
- Product name
- Common name
The active ingredient is identified by the ____ name
common
One way of grouping pesticides is according to the way they act on the pest. The two other ways to group pesticides are:______ and _____
a. target pest
b. chemical family/mode of action/resistance management
To control roundworms, a pesticide called a _____ is used
nematocide
A miticide is used to control _____
mites
A contact pesticide works when it is sprayed _____ on the pest
directly
Pesticides that move to different parts of treated plants are known as ____
systemic
“ROUNDUP” is an example of a ____ name
product
Active and other ingredients when mixed together become a pesticide ___
formulation
A pest is an organism that produces _____ effects
undesired
A substance that is added to a pesticide at the time of application is known as a _____
adjuvant
every pesticide is registered with ___
health canada
A pesticide formulation is a mixture of ___ ingredients with other substances
active
Pesticide formulations contain a substance which is mixed with active ingredients to make the produce safer to handle, easier to apply or better suited for storage. these substances are called _____
formulants
The abbreviation DF represents a type of formulation called ___ flowable
dry
The abbreviation EC represents a type of formulation called ___ concentrate?
emulsifiable
A formulation consisting of a mixture of active ingredients and edible carriers is known as ______
bait
A flowable formulation can be described as finely ground particles suspended in a ____ carrier
liquid
Wettable powders are typically used as ____ for insect, disease, and weed control
sprays
mixtures of pesticides that cause a problem are termed ______
incompatabile
One disadvantage of emulsifiable concentrate formulations is that the high concentration of active ingredients increases ____ risk
exposure
An adjuvant is a substance added to a pesticide formulation in order to increase its _____
effectiveness
A thickener is an adjuvant which reduces pesticide ______ to other areas by increasing droplet size
drift
adjuvants which assist in the even distribution of the spray solution over the target are called _____
spreaders
an adjuvant which reduces the alkalinity in water is called a _____
buffer
in choosing a formulation, one should consider the ____ to the applicator, public, and environment
risk
go over page 1-28
!!
Name the six components of an integrated pest management system
- Prevention
- Identification
- Monitoring
- Thresholds
- Treatment
- Evaluation
What are six important advantages of using an IPM program?
- Provide long term solutions to pest problems
- Reducing pesticide use
- Protect the environment and human health
- Minimize harm to beneficial organisms that help control pests
- Provide pest control options when pesticides cannot be used
- Reduce the development of resistance in the population
Which of the following statements about prevention is true?
a. preventing pests can be cheaper than treating
b. prevention involves managing the entire environment
c. prevention increases pest numbers
4. prevention alone can eliminate pests
A
Which of the following activities is an example of prevention?
a. setting traps to catch rodents
b. improving soil condition after fumigation
c. plugging holes and screening windows on a building
d. using biological pest control
B
Which of the following is a benefit of correct pest identification?
a. minimizes damage to beneficial organisms
b. assists in understanding treatment options
c. saves time and work by pest manager in short term
d. help to prevent need for treatment
A
Which of the following is a common challenge in pest identification?
a. all pests look the same
b. pests and beneficial organisms may look alike
c. there is little useful information to aid identification
d. identification requires capturing of pest
b
Which of the following is important pest biology knowledge
a. knowing the name of the pest
b. understanding the pest’s life cycle
c. knowing the cost of treatment
d. identifying biological organisms that will kill pests
B
What are 6 things a pest manager can check when monitoring?
- Pest damage
- Pest presence, species and abundance (does the pest pop’n exceed injury threshold?)
- Weather conditions (do they favour pest growth?)
- Pest’s life stage (is it susceptible to some form of pesticide?)
- Host’s stage/condition
- Beneficial organism presence, species, abundance (are there enough to keep pest pop’n low?)
What are 3 key elements of visual monitoring?
- careful look for signs
- don regularly
- documented with notes
What are 5 indicators that a visual inspection looks for?
- presence of pests/beneficial species
- damage symptoms
- growing conditions
- plant health
- conditions that attract/enhance pest problems
In order to take good measurements of pest problems, what is required (answer may be a mixture of any of the below)
- proper record keeping
- sufficient sample number
- random sampling of area
- supervision by technical experts
1,2,3
Which three of the following are things you would count or measure when monitoring for pests? (answer may be a mixture of any of the below)
- size of affected area
- number of days in growing season
- beneficial insects
- damaged leaves
1, 3, 4
covering holes and building barriers to restrict pest access is an example of which type of IPM treatment?
mechanical/physical
Distinguish between injury and action threshold?
injury - point at which pest pop’n reaches numbers that cause unacceptable injury/damage
Action - point at which a treatment should be started to prevent pest pop’n from becoming injurious
Releasing natural predators to control a pest is an example of which type of IPM treatment?
biological
Improving soil quality is an example of which type of IPM treatment?
cultural
using an insect trap that contains a mating pheremone is an example of which type of IPM treatment?
behavioural
Selecting a pesticide that has a low residual effect is an example of which type of IPM
chemical
Which one of the following statements about the purpose of IPM is true?
a. IPM increases costs but protects the environment
b. IPM provides short term solutions to pest problems
c. IPM reduces negative impacts of pest management
d. IPM emphasizes the elimination of pests
C
Which one statement is TRUE about action thresholds?
a. Occur after damage thresholds
b. describe the level of damage that has occurred
c. are the same as injury thresholds
d. describe the best time to start treatment
D
Which one statement is TRUE about injury thresholds?
a. describe a point beyond which damage is excessive
b. describe pest levels resulting in total crop loss
c. the point to begin treatment
d. the point at which pest pop’ns are first noted
A
Which one of the following statements is TRUE about biological treatment control?
a. it involves the use of chemicals that are produced by a pest insect
b. uses natural predators
c. relies on reproductive behaviour of pest to be effective
d. provides optimum growing conditions to minimize pests
B
Which one of the following statements is TRUE about mechanical/physical treatment control?
a. builds up hosts’ natural immunity
b. uses traps and other forms of direct action
c. relies on use of pest resistant species
d. improves sanitation as a means of treating pests
B
Which one of the following statements is TRUE about chemical treatments used in an IPM program?
a. involved use of chemicals produced by pest insect
b. encourage repeated use of one pesticide to treat the pest pop’n
c. encourage limited use of pesticides
d. promote repeated widespread use of pesticide at the site
C
Which one of the following statements about random sampling is TRUE?
a. takes samples from entire location
b. done where a pest manager thinks best
c. sites identified when pest manager sees pest
d. relies on many people each taking a sample
A
Which of the following statements about pest prevention is true?
a. encourages good management of growing conditions
b. attempts to eliminate all pests
c. does not consider pests food sources
d. encourages use of mechanical control to keep pests in check
A
Which of the following statements about identification is true?
a. requires that experts identify pests
b. does not consider beneficial organisms
c. uses information about pest biology
d. relies entirely on the use of physical evidence
C
Which of the following statements about monitoring is true?
a. determines size of pest pop’n
b. relies entirely on visual observations
c. does not consider weather conditions
d. does not attempt to identify the stage of a pest’s development
A
Which of the following statements about sampling is true?
a. large number of samples must be always collected to ensure accuracy of estimates
b. random sampling means taking samples from different locations and comparing them to the site where pest mngmt is req’d
c. frequency of sampling is determined before sampling begins
d. small number of samples will usually be adequate
C
Which of the following statements about IPM treatments is true?
a. should be the least toxic option
b. should only produce short term results
c. usually only one treatment option for any particular pest pop’n
d. needs to be based on what was effective at other sites
A
which three of these factors are most likely to affect pesticide treatment options:
- humidity
- temperature
- proximity to sensitive areas
- presence of native plants
1,2,3
Which three of the following statements about pesticide resistance are TRUE:
- resistant pests are healthier than non-resistant
- over use of pesticide encourages resistance
- resistant pests have genetic advantage
- using a variety of treatments diminishes pesticide resistance
2,3,4
/Which three of the following statements are TRUE when considering a pesticide to use?
- limit the amount of pesticide used
- pesticide use cannot be combined with other treatment methods
- use selective pesticides
- restrict pesticide to area of pest problem
1,3,4
Which three of the following statements about evaluation of IPM are TRUE?
- evaluation should be conducted without reference to records made during other steps of IPM
- an evaluation process could change injury threshold in light of experience
- evaluation process could compare the effectiveness of various treatments
- an evaluation process begins at the end of a treatment program
2,3,4
Which three of the following statements about ipm STRATEGIES are TRUE?
- goal is to manage pests with as little environmental damage as possible
- pesticide use is eliminated
- non-chemical treatment can provide long term solutions
- some pest damage is acceptable
1,3,4
Which three of the following statements about pesticides are TRUE?
- selective pesticides are toxic to most pests
- non-selective pesticides are toxic to many pests
- residual pesticides are effective for extended periods
- non-residual pesticides are effective for short periods
2,3,4
Which three of the following statements about pesticide application are true?
- air has little effect on the application of a pesticide
- temperature can affect the effectiveness of a pesticide
- precipitation may weaken the effectiveness of a pesticide
- topography of land can affect application decision
2,3,4
Which of the following are mechanical treatment options?
- mowers
- fertilizer
- flame torches
- traps
1,3,4
Name and briefly describe the different parts of a pesticide label
- Product name
- Formulation (what type of pesticide in what quantity)
- Class designation (ex. residential, commercial)
- Purpose (who does it kill)
- Guarantee (statement of how mow active ingredient should be present)
- Registration number
- “Read the label before using”
- WHMIS health and safety warnings
- Name and address of company
- Contents (ex. in litres)
A pesticide label has ____ status and must be followed
legal
A pesticide package has both secondary information and _______
principal information
a label component that indicates the concentrstion of the sctive ingredient is called the ____ statement
guarantee
the label component that describes rhe type of pest control by the pesticide is called the ____
purpose
domestic, commercial, and restricted are terms used to describe the _____ of a pesticide
class
the pest control act requires that every pesticide be registered and be given a ____ which appeears on the principal information
number
signal words describe the level of ______ and type of hazard
risk
shapes indicate the _____ of hazard
level
type of hazard is shown with a _____
symbol
where pn the pesticide label is secondary info usually found
back or side of package
what must the applicator do if the secondary info cannot be read/is missing
contact manufacturer or supplier for new label
which section of the secondary info limits manufscturers liability
notice to buyer
which section onnsecondsry info instructs user how to get rid of pesticide
disposal
which section of secondsry info discusses various hazards of product
precautions
what is the primary purpose of the notice to user label component
direct user to read product label
which section of secondary labelrpvides medics, personnel with instructions in poisoning
toxicological info
which section of secondary label contains info for use on crops
directions for use
true or false: msds is primary source of info about pesticide
false
true or false: all commercial pesticides have msds
true
true or false: msds may provide info on pesticide stability
true
true or false: msds is legal document
fals
true or false: msds is provided by manufacturer
true
information about dealing with spills is found in _______ release measures section of msds
accidental
to find out the pesticide’s hazardous ingredients, where on the msds do you look
compositíon section
the msds section that describes appearance, colour, and odour, boiling point is cslled what
physical/chemical properties section
to obtain info about the health effects of severe exposure to pesticide the applicator should look in what section of the MSDS?
Toxicological information section
To find info about an incompatability with other products, one should look in the ____ section of the MSDS?
Stability
Which piece of federal legislation directly regulates pesticides?
Pest Control PRoducts (PCP) act
According to the Pest Control Products Act which of the following is legal?
- using pesticide with EPA number but no PCP number
- using pesticide to control pest not mentioned on the pesticide label
- using pesticide on food crops
- repackaging pesticides into smaller packages for purchasers who only need small quantities
3
Which class of pesticide generally has the smallest container?
domestic
Which piece of legislation prohibits allowing pesticides to runoff/drift into streams?
Fisheries act
Which three classes of “dangerous goods” apply to pesticides?
- explosive, oxidizing, flammable solids
- toxic, corrosive infectious
- Flammable liquids, toxic, environmentally hazardous
- corrosive, toxic, oxidizing
3
What is the best way to avoid excessive pesticide residues in crops?
- only use natural pesticides
- read and follow label directions
- use less
- apply early in growing season
2
Once a pesticide has a registration number from health canada, what activity is allowed?
a. manufacturing
b. sale
c. use
d. all of the above
D
According to PCP act, how often must a pesticide be re-evaluated for registration purposes?
Every 15 years
According to Food and Drugs act, what must be proven to health canada about a pesticide
a. product is not toxic
b. product can be used safely
c. product is target specific
d. product leaves no residue on food crops
B
According to NAtion Fire Code regulations, what must an employer do when storing pesticides?
a. develop an emergency plan
b. ensure there is a fire extinguisher present
c. make sure sprinklers work
d. use fire alaarms
A
According to Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, what must an applicator do when transporting a pesticide classed as a dangerous good?
a. put the pesticide in a contained withe a double bottom
b. use appropriate dangerous goods signs on vehicle
c. transport the pesticide at times of low traffic on roads
d. ensure pestciide container is securely fastened
B
Pest managers must register with the gov’t before applying pesticides to which of the following
a. forest
b. for hire or reward
c. public
d. all of the above
d
A Pesticide use permit is rquired from MB conservation and water stewardship for all pesticide applications except when?
- in or on body of water not fully in applicants property
- within 50 m of residence
- on private property where public has access
- on behalf of crown
3,4,1
A license is issued by MB Food and Rural Initiatives to individuals who?
- complete pesticide certification training courses
- pay annual license fee
- meet insurance requirement
- pass physical exam
1,2,3
When storing commercial pesticides what is required of applicators?
- pesticide must be stored away from food/food crops
- adequate ventilation provided in storage building
- storage area accessible for public inspection
- inform fire dept
1,2,4
Contact MB conservation and water stewardship with inquiries regarding?
a. Noxious Weed Act
b. Wildlife Act
c. Food and Drug Act
d. Water Act
a
Licences in MB are classified as applicator or?
Dealer
Pesticides that are exempt under The Pesticide and Fertilizer Control Act are
a. fertilizers and insecticides
b. fungicides and vertebrate control products
c. fungicides and insecticides
d. fertilizers and domestic pesticides
d
To recertify their certificate, what must an applicator do?
- apply for recert
- write core exam
- obtain 15 continuing education credits
- ensure credits are approved for classes of certificate
1,2,4
To load/transport pesticides in your vehicle safely it is key NOT to…
a. check for leaks before putting in vehicle
b. place boxes/bags so they do not shift/slide
c. transport in upright position
d. take pesticides into passenger compartment
d
All of the following are classes of hazardous waste except:
a. explosives
2. compressed gas
c. acetic acid
d. poisonous/infectious substances
c
Applicators must keep RECORDS OF PESTICIDE APPLICATION of their own for each commercial application noting:
a. applicators state of health
b. customer name/address
c. date/time of application
d. legal description of area
a
When does an employer need to provide shower facilities at a work site
a. when employees have to work outside in summer
b. when employees work in a hot and humid environment
c. when employees may be contaminated by harmful substances
d. when employees get dirty on the job
c
When does a worker have to wear PPE?
- when they see a hazard
- when told by employer
- when they see others wearing PPE
d. when available
B
When an employee has to work alone, what must employer provide?
a. radio/telephone to contact dispatchers and PPE
b. radio/telephone contact with dispatchers and food/water
c. radio/telephone contact with applicator and PPE
d. radio/telephone contact with applicator and food/water
c
The Pesticide USe PErmit Application Form must be completed/submitted to MB conservation how far before intended pesticide use?
30 days
The Noxious Weed Act
a. is administered by MB conservation
b. declares weeds and gives farmers authority to control them on their property
c. is not concern with weed seeds, jsut plant
d. makes provisions to control weeds listedin the Schedule of the act
d
The Wildlife Act protects what?
Wildlife and birds
What are the requirements of WHMIS with regard to pesticides (1 or more)
- workers must understand pesticide label
- workers must understand MSDS
- workers must know how to safely store/handle pesticides
- Workers must practice mock spills of pesticide every month
1,2,3
Which of the following best defines RISK as it applies to pesticides:
a. possibility that a pesticide may cause harm
b. degree of exposure a person confronts
c. percentage value of toxicity caused by pesticide
d. human factor that increases error
a
What does the term toxicity mean:
a. concentration of active ingredient
b. ability of pesticide o cause harm
c. level of exposure needed
d. amount of risk
b
What does the term LD50 mean?
Dose at which 50% of pop’n died
Which of the following statements about Exposure to pesticides is correct:
a. exposure determines toxicity
b. risk increases as exposure decreases
c. exposure does not affect risk
d. length of time an applicator uses a pesticide affects exposure
d
Which of the following best defines Acute Toxicity?
a. effects of exposure to pesticide over long period
b. irreversible health effects caused by pesticide
c. harmful effectgs of exposure within short time after
d. hidden serious effects of pesticide, delayed
c
which 3 of the following actions reduce risk of harm when working with pesticides?
- use less toxic ones
- use them for longer periods of time
- take longer breaks between pesticide uses
- use pesticide less often
1,3,4
What does the term LC50 mean with regard to toxicity
lethal concentration in air or water for 50% of pop’n
What does the term Chronic toxicity mean?
long term health effects
Which of the following statements about LD50 results are UNTRUE
- pesticide labels contain direct statement about LD50
- pesticide with small LD50 is more toxic
- toxicity test results are based on live test animals
- test animals receive the pesticide by ingestion or skin absorption
1
What are four major pathways through which pesticides can enter the body
Eyes, skin, breathing, swallowing
Which one of the following areas of the body absorbs pesticide most easily:
a. feet
b. forearm
c. eyes
d. head
c
What is the most common form of pesticide exposure
Dermal
Which of the following activities is most likely to cause acute pesticide exposure:
a. mixing
b. cleaning application equipment
c. transporting pesticide
d. storing pesticide
a
On the job site, someone becomes very sick after applying a pesticide. Name 5 symptoms of severe poisoning to look out for
- vomiting
- muscle twitching
- decreased reflexes
- convulsions
- trouble breathing
On the jobsite, one of the applicators is showing symptoms of poisoning. What is the most important action to take?
- CALL POISON CONTROL/911
Name 3 possible effects of chronic pesticide exposure
- cancer
- nerve damage
- birth defects
- organ damage
Name 4 ways to avoid pesticide exposure through skin
- clean PPE regularly
- shower well after application
- wash hands and face before eating
- wash anywhere where pesticide was spilled on body
- store PPE away from pesticides
- wear appropriate PPE (ex. gloves)
Name 2 ways to avoid pesticide exposure by inhalation
- wear proper respiration equipment
2. stay away from eareas where pesticides were just appliced
What is the best way to avoid exposure to pesticide through eyes?
Wear goggles
What are 4 general practices that will lessen or eliminate pesticide exposure
Right attitude, right method, eight equipment, right safety practices
A pesticide that sticks to a soil particle is said to have been ____
adsorbed
The process that occurs when a pestyicide changes from liquid to gas/vapour is called ____
Volitilization
The unintended movement of pesticide vapour/liquid through the air is called
Drift
Dust blowing in the air is an example of ____ drift
soil
When a pesticide is carried by water down through soil, the movement is called ____
LEaching
When a pesticide changes into other compounds, this process is referred to as ____
degradation
The transformation of a pesticide can occur through three different processes: chemical, microbial, ____
photo
The movement of a pesticide through the soil is most affected by the soil’s ___
texture
the term that describes the time required for a pesticide to become reduced in quantity and strength in the environment by 50% is called
half life
Persisten pesticides are those that ____ slowly in the environment
degrade/break down
If a pesticide is applied to a heavy clay soil there is a good possibility that the pesticide remains on the surface and will be carried away by ___
runoff
volatilization of a pesticide can be reduce by not spraying in what temperatures?
hot
One way to reduce run off is to avoid spraying when what weather condition is forecasted?
rain
To reduce spray drift it is a good practice to use spray nozzles that produce ___ droplets
large
To reduce leaching it is good practice not to ____ for 24 hrs after applying a pesticide
irrigate
a temp inversion occurs when ___ air sits on top of ___ air
warm, cold
A temp inversion increases drift because air moves ____ during this time
outward, sideways, not up
pesticide runoff is more likely to occur on ___ land areas
sloped
which of the following properties best explains why a pesticide will move with water as surface runoff?
a. high solubility
b. high volatility
c. high absorption
d. high adsorption
a
which of the following statements about contamination of water by pesticides is TRUE?
a, pesticides cannot reach groundwater as a result of runoff
b. groundwater contamination is high when a rain immediately follows application
c. pesticide contaminated surface water rarely reaches the water table
d. erosion is not a factor that contributes to water contamination
b
What two factors should applicators be most concerned about to avoid spray drift?
a. temp and volatility
b. air stability and temp
c. viscosity and temp
d. droplet size and wind speed
d
What two factors should applicators be most concerned about to avoid VAPOUR drift?
a. temp and volatility
b. air stability and temp
c. viscosity and temp
d. droplet size and wind speed
a
Which 3 of the following factors affect runoff?
- surface slope
- existing moisture in soil
- air temp
- amount of surface veg
1,2,4
under which conditions is groundwater contam most likely to occur?
a. heavy clay soil where GW is shallow
b. heavy clay soil where GW is deep
c. sandy soil where GW is shallow
d. permeable soil where GW is deep
c
Pesticide contamination that comes from one primary location is said to be _______ source
point source
What are 5 ways to prevent water contam by pesticides?
- don’t apply near water
- leave buffer zone
- don’t mix near water (could spill)
- follow label directions
- Make sure all equipment works
- apply during good conditions (less runoff)
- USE IPM
The point in the soil below which all space if filled with water is called ____
water table
Some pesticides are more toxic to ____ life than humans
aquatic
What are 3 ways pesticides indirectly affect aquatic life
- remove vegetation
- kill food organisms
- disrupt mating/feeding
One of the best ways to protect water bodies is to create a/an ______ area before applying a pesticide
buffer
The leaching of pesticides in the soil can result in contam of ___
groundwater
back siphoning describes the danger of a pestricide moving from the ____ to a/an _____
tank, to water
Contam from the application of a pesticide at too hig ha riate is called ____ contam
non-point source
What steps should an applicator take to protect water from contam?
- follow product directions
- check for water toxicity
- follow safety guideline
- avoid leaching pesticides
- don’t use pesticides that run off
- use care near water/fish habitat
which one of the following is an example of point source contam by a pesticide?
- back-siphoning of a pesticide
- vapour drift
- spray drift
- leaching of pesticide through soil after rain
1
Which one of the following is an example of non-point source contam by pesticide
- back-siphoning of a pesticide
- vapour drift
- spray drift
- leaching of pesticide through soil after rain
4
Which 3 of the following reduce possibility of water contam
- fill spraywer away from water
- create buffer zone
- spray in hot weather
- reduce area of treatment
1,2,4
What are ways to minimize contam of beneficial insects?
a. Limit use
b. choose least harmful pesticide
c. do not treat edges of treatment area
Pesticides that injure/kill plants are said to be ________
phytotoxic
What are five steps that an applicator should take before applying a pesticide in the vicinity of a bee colony?
- notify nearby beekeepers/associations
- do not apply toxic pesticides to areas that are in bloom
- mow cover crops and weeds to remove blooms prior to spraying
- apply pesticides when bees are inactive in early morning or evening
- use pesticides that are not toxic to bees
Preventing secondary poisoning of animals can be done by ____ of poisoned pests before they are eaten by other animals
disposing
As a general rule, ____ and insecticides are most harmful to animals
rodenticides
what are 3 ways that plant environments can be affected by pesticide contam
- damage/death
- increase in toxic residue
- damage to streamside vegetation
to avoid contam of plants an applicator should ensure that there is no ____ of the pesticide to non-target areas
movement
What are 3 main ways animals can be contam by pesticides
1 ingestion
\2. breathing
3. contact
in addition to death what are 3 impacts of pesticide vcontam on animals
- bioaccumulation
- weight loss
- reproductive issues
a reduction to beneficial insects and animals due to pesticdee contam might result in an increase in _____
pests
which statement about sensitive areas is best practice?
a. only spray when amphibians not present
b. if larger target site contains sensitive areas avoid treating entire site
c. use buffer zones to protect sensitive area
d. apply pesticide with reckless abandon
c
whcih of the following is true about protecting bee pop’ns
a. spray early morn or evening
b. spray when ground cover crops like clover are in bloom
c. use powders/dust formulations
d. use aerial spraying rather than ground
a
which 3 of the following about protecting animals from contam is true
- use least persistent pesticide possible
- dispose of poisoned animals quickly
- minimize drift
- use general pesticide rather than specific
1,2,3
which 3 of thwe followign statements describe an impact of pesticide exposure on animals
- serious damage occurs because of direct exposure only
- pesticides can affect repro rates
- non-target animals affected by pesticides
- weight loss can be a result of pesticide exposure
2,3,4
which 3 of the following about pesticide contami n plants is true
- only herbicides affect plants
- toxic pesticide residues can accumulate in plants
- damage to non taerget vegetation can occur
- non target vegetation affected by pesticides results in habitat damage
2,3,4
What are the five major considerations when selecting the type of PPE to use?
- label warnings/instructions
- pesticide formulation
- path of exposure
- amount of exposure
- application method
What is the most important form of PPE when working with volatiles?
repsirator
What are 3 factor that affect amount of exposure?
length of exposure
- frequency of exposures
- number of exposures
how does pesticide particle size affect PPE choice?
small particles = more PPE because they can penetrate more
how does pesticide volatility affect PPE choice
high volatility more likely to be inhaled = respirator
what are 2 responsibilities employees have with regard to PPE?
- have to provide it
2. have to maintain it
what are forms of DERMAL PPE?
Gloves, head covering, clothing, boots
Which 3of the following statements about PPE are true?
- clothing material should have tight weave
- material should protect against the solvent used in pesticide
- only waterproof material should be worn
- clothing should cover arms+legs completely
1,2,4
Which 3of the following statements about eye protection are true?
- safety glasses are not appropriate against pesticides
- face shields and goggle both provide adequate protection to face/eyes
- contact lenses do not protect agaisnt pesticides
- goggles should be compataible with respiratror being used
1,3,4
TRUE OR FALSE: leather gloves are appropriate for most pesticide use
false
Which 3 of the following stataements about respiratory protection are true?
- respirators must carry and industry approval stamp for pesticide related use
- canister filters the air before it is inhaled
- dust masks provide adequate pesticide protectuion
- type of respiratory to use depends on both toxicity and working conditions
1,2,4
Which 3 of the following statements about cartridge respirators are true?
- works properly only with clean shaven applicators
- should only be used with respirators by same brand
- contain a pre filter in addition to cartiridge
- one respirator fit check per day is adequate
1,2,3
Which respirator is best for low O2?
SCB (self contained breathing apparatus)
TRUE OR FALSE: vinyl or rubber running shoes provide adequate pesticide protection
FALSE
Which 3 of the following about head coverings are true?
- hard hats provide effective head protection
- hats should have a brim that extends enough to protect ears and neck
- rain hoods provide effective head protection
- cloth ball caps provide effective head protection
1,2,3
Which respirator is best suited for applying pesticides that create high vapour conc?
canister respirator
TRUE OR FALSE: PPE should be washed daily
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: heavily contam clothing should be washed in hot water
FALSE, should be discarded
TRUE OR FALSE: protective clothing should be washed in howt water with soap
true
TRUE OR FALSE: washed PPE should be dried in clothes dryer
may contam dryer
TRUE OR FALSE: eash gloves last after removing PPE
true
TRUE OR FALSE: store ppe out of sunlight
true
TRUE OR FALSE: respirators can be cleaned with the cartridge in place
false, water may damage it
TRUE OR FALSE: respirator bodies should be stored separately from filter
true
TRUE OR FALSE: respirator filters when stored unwrapped wiill absorb chemicls from air
true
TRUE OR FALSE: respirator ilters must be replaced daily
false, dependent on use time/type of respirator
To prevent pesticide from running into boots, what should one do?
put pant legs over bootd
gloves should be made of a/an ____ material
synthetic, chemical resistant
to protect the body against splashes whebn mixing, it is important to wear a ___
apron
if clothing becomes soaked w/pesticide, it is necessary to ____ right away
change clothing
when handling contam clothing, a pearson should wear ___ at all imes
gloves
if there is a possibility that clothing may become wet from spraying, what should one wear?
spray suit (disposable)
when you remove contam clothing, you should store it in a ____ until it can be washed
sealed bag
one should not wear clothing made of ___ or ___ when working w/pesticides
cotton, leather
when wearing gloves, it is good practice to ___ the cuff
roll down(guard against liquid when arms are raised)
when starting a job that requires a respirator, the wearere should first do a/an ____
fit test
which 3 of the following questions hsould be considered when deciding which pesticide to buy
- is it registered for the intended use
- does it have money-back guarantee
- do label directions indicate that it can be used for your purpose
- is the pesticide compatible with IPM syste,
1,3,4
Which of the following are used to calculate amount of pesticide to purchase?
a. rate, area, number of treatments
b. rate, cost per, number of treatments
c. area, time req’d, area
d. size of applicator, number of treatments, rate
A
An applicator intends to apply a pesticide at a rate iof 3 L/hectare. Treatment area is 90 hecares. He plans to apply the pesticide 3 times. How much (in L) ios req’d?
540 L
What two factors are used to calculate the number of containers of pesticide req’d?
amount and container volume
an applicator needs to purchase 30L of pesticide. it’s sold in 4L jugs, how many containers should she buy?
8
Which 3 of the following factors should be considered when transporting pesticides?
- security of pesticides in vehicle
- condition of packaging
- notification of local fire dept
- location of pesticides relative to passengers
1,2,4
Which 3 of the following affect transportation of pesticide
- bag is broken
- lid is missing
- label is missing
- invoice is missing
1,2,3
which 3 of the following would be acceptable storage facilities or areas for pesticides
- locked kitchen cabinet
- locked chest in back of spray truck
- room in barn
- shed
2,3,4
which of the following are important security features of pesticide storage facility
- lock, warning sign
- ventilation, inventory record
- good lighting, rain proof
d. no floor drain, chemica resistant shelving
1
Which 3 of the following water related factors affect the choice of a storgae location?
- distance from surface water
- backflow protection
- non-permeable soil/base
- avoidance of flood zone
1,3,4
Which 3 of the following are required pesticide storgae practices
- keep em dry
- store pesticide containers in plastic tubs large enough to contain spills
- store pesticides off the floor
- keep various products separated
1, 3,4
Which 3 of the followign are reasons for keeping storage area locked
- children
- thieves
- general public
- locked = spill contained
1,2,3
Which of the following items should NOT be kept in pesticide storage facility? 1, fire extinguisher b. PPE c. inventory of pesticides d. list of emergency numbers
1
which of the following statements best describes the term cross-contamination?
a. two pesticides mizing in soil
b. two/more pesticides mixed in tank accidentally
c. two/more pesticides in contact w/ one another
d. contam that occurs to clothing/equipment during cleaning
c
Which set of elements in criticially important to any pesticide safety program
a. money, training, equipment
b. training, attitude, knowledge
c. beliefs, equipment aptritude
d. time trainng practice
b
When selecting a site for mixing pesticides, which 3 of the following are true:
- site should be outside or in bright well ventilated area away from animals
- should be located as far from application site as possible
- should be away from surface water and in area where spill/overflow wouldn’t contam water
- should slope away from nearby surface water
1,3,4
Prior to mixing which of the following is inappropriate?
- read label to ensure pesticide is registered for intended use
- check mixing directions, pesticie rates and use restrictions
- contact emergency personnel to inform them of that day’s application activity
- have emergency water supply, soap, first aid equipment nearby
3
Duringg the mixing of pesticides, which 3 of the following actions are good safety practices
- calc how much pesticide needed in each tank/application
- prepare additional amount of spray mixture just in case
- measure amount of pesticide by using scales
- use proper tools to open containers (ex sharp knife instead oftearing)
1,3,4
Of these, which pieces of protective equipment are normally required when making pesticides (choose 3)
- self contained breathing apparatus
- water repellent head protection
- pesticide resistant unlined gloves/boots
- face shielf or goggles
2,3,4
What is the first step to loading a spray tank?
a. turn agitator on
b triple rinse measuring equipment and put rinse water in spray tank
c. fill spray tank haf full w/clean water
d. slowly pour pesticide into tank
c
What is the main reason that mixing/ loading pesticides is hazardous
a. splashes can occur
b. mixer exposed to concentratedpesticide
c. vapour released
d. app eqwuipment may start accidentslly
b
When mixing uis completed, what should first be done w/ mixing equipment ex. measuirng containers?
Should be washed with soap and water
if you must work alone when applying pesticides, what should you do to be safe?
a. give cell number to coworker
b. inform someone where you are, when you’ll be back and what you’re using
c. ask spouse to call office if you don’t return
d. leave note
b
Which 3 of the following are safety measures to take before starting application?
- mix in strong wind so vapours are blown away from you
- Ensure equip is in good working order
- calibrate equip
- remove livestock/pets from area
2,3,4
Whatis the best definition of “re-entry intervals”
minimum time req’d to stay out of treated area
What is the recommended way to inform people of when they can enter treated area?
post signs informing of treatment and when to enter
Which 3 of the following are good reason for maintaining application equip?
- poor meaintenance leads to more down time
- poor maintenance leads to increased repair cost
- poor maintenance leads to spills/leaks/drift
- poor maintenance violates Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act
1,2,3,
Which 3 of the following are valid reasons for keeping pesticide application records?
- can be useful for plannign future applications
- you csnnot be sued
- help guide dates such as re-entry times/harvest dates
- provide details about the appl and equip settings
1,3,4
What is the BEST reason for planning a treatment route?
can prevent exposing applicator to airborne spray
Where should application equip be cleaned after application?
a. mixing area
b. near pesticide storage area
c. in treatment area
d. in covered area where it can be washed
c
which 3 of the following risks associated w disposal of pesticide containers are true?
1. children might play around/with un-rinsed containers
2/ rain could wash residues into a stream and kill fish
3. poor disposal practices create bad safety image for company
4. improperly disposed containers take up too much room in landfills
1,2,3
After rinsing empty containers, what should be done w rinse water?
should be poured into spray tank w rest of mixture
when washing conainers by hand, what is the minimum number of times each container should be rinsed?
three times
When washing containers by pressure spray, how long should each container be rinsed? 30, 60, 120, or 180 secs?
60 seconds
How should a container be disposed of after washing?
pesticide container collection facility
Which 3 of the following actions are effective ways to avoid having a surplus of spray sol'n after treatment? 1. accurately measure area 2. calc amount of pesticide needed 3/ calibrate app equip 4. relying on app rates for other jobs
1,2,3
If there is pesticide concentrate left over from previous season, what is the best way to deal w it?
contact manufacturer to make sure if its still usable, if so mix it with new shit
BEfore a rinsed container can be disposed of, what should be done?
make container unusable
In addition to pesticide spills, what are six other tyeps of emergencies that an emergency response plan should be able to deal with?
- Fire
- Natural disasters
- transport accidents
- theft
- accidental exposure
- threats
Ehat are 3 key elements of an emergency response plan?
- designated person in charge”
- list of emergency contacts
- procedures for varying emergency types
What are 3 reasons for having an emergency response plan?
- quick/proper action, no dilly-dallying
- reduce environmental damage
- provides emergency first aid
hat are 5 important telephone numbers that an applicator should have available in case of an emergency?
- provincial government emergency number
- numbers of police, fire, ambulance
- poison control
- hospital
- pesticide manufacturer
How often should emergency response plans be reviewed?
everyyear
What are CANUTEC?
Canadian transport emergency centre
Describe the protective clothing/equipment that should be included ina spill response kit
- detergent
- bleach
- container with sealable lid
- hand pump
- absorbent material
- shovel
- broom
- heavy plastic bags
- cartridge respirator
- boots
- coveralls
- gloves
- goggles
When responding to a spille, what should the applicator first do?
protect self from exposure
After cleaning up a spill, what is the last step for the applicator to take?
clean self (shower)
Which three steps of a fire response plan are missing
- inventory all stored pesticides and keep that on hand
- create floor plan of storage area
- inform fire dept
- post warning signs
- have fire extinguisher handy
- have emergency numbers handy
If a pesticide fire occurs, what should an applicator do first?
call fire dept, evacuate building
who should be notified if pesticide is stolen?
- provincial regulatory authority
- police
- supplier
what are the four C’s of spill response plan?
- control
- contain
- clean environment
- clean self
What are the 7 general steps to follow in case of pesticide poisoning
- ensure safety of first responders
- rmove victm from contaminated area
- give artificial respiration if needed
- contact poison control
- keep victim comfortable
- administer first aid/CPR as needed
- get medical help
What is the first step in assisting a victim poisoned by inhalation?
provide fresh air somehow
what two items of clothing protect a person from being poisoned through skin?
gloves, coveralls
if poisoning through skin occurs, what is the best way to remove contam?
wash skin with cool water
in the event of pesticide poisoning, what should the first responder always do?
ensure personal safety before assisting
why should a first aid provider use plastic airway to give mouth to mouth in event of poisoning by inhalation?
may get poison on lips otherwise
if someone swallows a pesticide, what should the first aid provider do first?
CALL POISON CONTROL
In the event of chemical burn, how should burn be covered after washed?
loose clean cloth
what should a first aid kit pesticide poisoning contain in addition to these items
- gloves
- emergency contact
- plastic airway
- soap
- drinking cup
- activated charcoal
- plastic bag
- large amount of water
- blanket
- paper towels
a person has received a chemical burn from pesticide and there is no shower available? what you gon’ do?
make em take off clothes
in the event of pesticide contam/poisoningm what 8 things will medical personanel want to know
- type of pesticide/active ingredient
- reg number
- type of exposure
- symptoms
- length of exposure
6, age, weight, sex of person - pre-existing conditions
- first aid?
Why should contam skin be washed gently?
prevent scratching (dirct route to blood stream)
how long should contam eyes be washed?
20 min or more
how should poisoned person be positioned on ground?
sideways w head lower than body
Which 3 of the following are basic objectives of any application procedures?
- keep pesticide away from non target sites
- dispose of waste pesticide as quickly as possible
- apply at correct rate
- apply uniformly to target
1,3,4
What are the three major elements of pesticide application technology?
a. equipment choice, application procedures, and environmental factors
b. equipment choice, application costs, environmental factors
c. equipment maintenance, application location, training
d. label directions, application equipment, emegrency preparedness
a
Which 3 of the following influence the choice of application equipment
- type of application
- pesticide formulation
- pesticide cost
- target pest
1,2,4
which 3 of the following influence the choice ofapplicaton equip for outdoor use
- topography
- environmental conditions
- days to harvest requirements on pesticide labels
- time available for application
1,2,4
Wchich 3 of the following affect the operation of application equipment?
- type of pesticide
- environmental conditions
- location of pest
- ppe
1,2,3
What is the “recommended pesticide rate”?
the label recommended amount of forumlated pesticide that is to be applied per unit of treatment area, unit volume, or psray/water volume
what is the purpose of equipment calibration procedures?
to check and adjust delivery rate of application equipment
Which 3 of the following are problems resulting from pesticide over application
- contam of application site, non-target organisms and environment
- lack of residues on crops/in terget area
- increased applicator or bystander exposure
- increased costs
1,3,4
Which of the following is a problem that results from under application of pesticide?
- poor control of the pest
- elimnation of pesticide resistant strains
- elimination of target pest
- contam of non target areas
1
How often should application equipment be cleaned as a minimum? (every hour, twice a day, every day, or every week)
every day
What are advantages of regular maintenance of applicators?
accurate app rates, uniform app, fewer breakdowns
What weather conditions significantly affect app of pesticides?
air movement, relative humidity, temperature
Which of the following environmental conditions INCREASES drift>
a. low humidity
b. stable weather
c. cool weather
d. low winds
a
Which of the following REDUCES possibility of vapour drift?
a. windy conditions
b. high temp
c. temp inversions
d. light wind blowing away from susceptible areas
d
Which of the following recommended practices REDUCES particle drift?
a. hot dry weather
b. highest range of spray pressure for nozzle
c. set distance between nozzle and crop low
d. nozzle with fine droplet size
C
what is the effect of temp inversion on pestcide app
a. pesticide moves upward and drifts
b. remains low and drifts
c. form small particles and drift
d. becomes volatile and disperses
B
What are the essential components of professionalism?
attitude, work habits, knowledge
As a pesticide applicator, which items of information are essential parts of professional knowledge?
information required for certification/licensing, relevant legislation, and the relationship between pest, host, and environment
When a planned application affects the public, what is the best thing to do?
Involve the public in applicatoin decisions
