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Mosier Test > Mosier Test 2 > Flashcards

Mosier Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When upper motor neurons are injured, that can cause ________ ________ not associated with _________ ________ and causes _________

A

Spastic paralysis; muscle atrophy; hyperreflexia

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2
Q

Lower Motor neuron injuries cause __________ ________and are associated with _________ ________ and causes ____________

A

Flaccid Paralysis; muscle atrophy; hyporeflexia

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3
Q

When upper motor neurons have been around long enough they can eventually cause _________ ________, but the board answer is that they do not.

A

Muscle atrophy

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4
Q

Injuries above ___ can cause __________ _________
and ___________ ___________, especially when ___ and ____ levels are damaged, and will cause paralysis below the level of the injury

A

T6; autonomic Dysreflexia; Neurogenic shock; T1-T4

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5
Q

Dysreflexia and hyperreflexia are _____________

A

Synonymous

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6
Q

Autonomic Hyperreflexia can lead to dangerously ______ blood pressure, and can be caused by ___ and above spinal cord injuries, and can be precipitated by ________ _______ below the level of the injury

A

high; T6; noxious stimuli

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7
Q

Spinal nerves ___ through ___ innervate the diagram,

A

C3; C5

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8
Q

__ thru __ injuries can cause quadriplegia and need for __________ _________

A

C1; C4

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9
Q

Injuries to ___ and above will cause difficulty with clearing _________

A

C5

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10
Q

_________ __________ _________ prepares body to rest and digest, originates in the ________ ________ of the spinal cord and brainstem, and uses _____ as its neurotransmitter

A

Parasympathetic nervous system; Cranial sacral; ACH

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11
Q

________ _________ _________ prepares the body for flight and fight, ___________ heart rate and contractility and __________ smooth muscles of the airways

A

Sympathetic Nervous System; increases; relaxes

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12
Q

Except for glands, viscera, and the adrenal medulla, the receptors of the ________ nervous system are ____ receptors, ____ receptors, and are referred to as _________ receptors

A

Sympathetic; Alpha; Beta; Adrenergic

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13
Q

The receptor of the PNS are the _________ receptors, and are referred to as the _________, and use ____ as their neurotransmitter

A

Muscarinic; Cholinergic, ACH

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14
Q

___ receptors cause vasoconstriction and ____________

A

A1; bronchoconstriction

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15
Q

___ activation inhibits the release of NE. What two medications are an example of an A2 agonist?

A

A2; Clonidine and Precedex

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16
Q

___ receptors are present in the heart. They ________ HR and contractility and can _________ AV nodal conduction

A

B1; increase; increase

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17
Q

B2 receptors cause vaso______ and broncho_______ and cause __________ ___________ _________

A

dilation; dilation; uterine muscle relaxation (terbutaline)

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18
Q

Activation of __________ __________ Decreases HR, contractility, and causes broncho_________ and vaso_______

A

muscarinic receptors; constriction; dilation

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19
Q

The __________ is the “captain” of the ____

A

Hypothalamus; ANS

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20
Q

Brainstem has control over __________ and ____________ ____________

A

Cardiovascular; pulmonary

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21
Q

Autonomic Reflexes will suppress _ branch of the ANS, whether it be the ____ or ____, while activating the other

A

1; SNS or PNS;

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22
Q

__________ __________ causes loss of vasomotor tone. Loss of vasomotor tone leads to __________

A

Neurogenic shock; hypotension

23
Q

Neurogenic Shock cause diminished sympathetic innervation of the heart, which leads to __________

A

Bradycardia

24
Q

ICP is normally __ to __ mmhg and is usually treated when it is above ___ mmhg.

A

5 to 15 (textbook answer); 20

25
Q

ICP can be affected by anesthetic __________ and _________

A

administration and technique

26
Q

CSF accounts for approximately ___ to ___ percent of intracranial volume

A

10 to 15%

27
Q

The __________ _________ produces approximately 500cc of CSF per day. The total volume of CSF is approximately ____cc

A

Choroid Plexus; 150

28
Q

Cerebral Edema can be caused by ________ _______, __________, and disruption of the _________ ________ ________

A

Ischemic Stroke, Meningitis, Blood Brain Barrier

29
Q

Cerebral blood flow accounts for approximately ___ percent of cardiac output, is tightly coupled to _______, and is autoregulated to MAP of ____ to ____

A

14; CMR02; 60 to 160

30
Q

Autoregulation of CBF can be lost to ________, ________, and _________ __________.

A

Acidosis, hypoxia, and volatile anesthetics

31
Q

PAC02 is a potent _________ _________, and has a proximate __________ relationship to CBF, and is a potent determinant of _____

A

cerebral vasodilator; linear; CBF

32
Q

Once _____ drops below 50mmhg the is an _________ in CBF, even in the presence of ____________

A

PA02; increase; hypocapnia

33
Q

A PA02 of ___ equates to an approximate oxygen saturation in the low 80’s

A

50

34
Q

Volatile anesthetics generally _________ CBF, _________ CMR02, and have a profound effect on _________ evoked potentials

A

increase; decrease; motor

35
Q

Propofol and Etomidate __________ CBF and __________ CMR02

A

Decrease; decrease

36
Q

Ketamine __________ CBF and __________ CMR02

A

Increases; increases

37
Q

Opioids have no direct affect on ____ and Benzodiazepine have _________ effect on CBF. Studies have shown that there is no clinically significant ________ in CBF after Succs administration

A

CBF; minimal; increase

38
Q

___________ ___________ ___________ are sensitive to Inhaled anesthetics. They require the patient not to be paralyzed for the entire case, but it is okay at the

A

Motor Evoked Potentials; beggining

39
Q

Regarding evoked potentials, Ketamine and Etomidate have been reported to __________ the quality of _______ signals

A

enhance; SSEP

40
Q

Propofol and Thiopental ___________ the amplitude of all modalities of EP monitoring, but do not ___________ them

A

attenuate; obliterate

41
Q

Opioids, Benzos, and Precedex have __________ effects on the recording of _________ _________

A

negligible; Evoked potentials

42
Q

Inhalation agents, including N02 generally have a more ___________ effect on evoked potential monitoring than ___ agents

A

depressant;IV

43
Q

Volatile anesthetic can have a profound effect on the ________ and ________ of evoked potentials

A

amplitude; latency

44
Q

Signal are obtainable under __________ _________ but the anesthetic is usually kept at ____ _____ doses

A

Volatile anesthetics; Sub MAC

45
Q

_________ ________ can be used in any circumstance where there may be vascular compromise to the brain or restriction of blood flow

A

Cerebral Oximetry

46
Q

A decrease in ____ percent from baseline is significant in cerebral oximetry

A

20

47
Q

Cerebral oximetry can be used in any procedure where there can be compromise in CBF from patient _________

A

positioning

48
Q

Regarding heart transplant patients, a spinal anesthetic will _____ SVR, and despite activation of _______ ________ and increased ________ _________ being sent to the brain via cranial nerves __ and __, the ________ _________ being sent to the heart have been lost, thus a __________ _________ in CO will be absent

A

decrease; baroreceptors Afferent signals; 9 and 10; efferent signals; reflexive increase

49
Q

If treating a Heart transplant patient for hypotension after spinal, than an __ _______ should be used to increase SVR, and a __ ________ should be readily available to increase CO

A

A1 agonist; B1 agonist

50
Q

Heart transplant patient becomes bradycardic and hypotensive after induction, you going to give what drug?

A

Epi

51
Q

ER burn patient comes in and you need to urgently intubate them, what NMB is safe to use? Because when will Hyperkalemia become a problem? Burn patient comes in 3 Years later with Bowel obstructions and hypokalemia, what NMB would you use?

A

Succs; 48 hours after injury; Succs

52
Q

Succs vs large dose Roc in RSI, which is better?

A

Succs

53
Q

Chemical warfare, Serin being used (Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor) - soldier has pinpoint pupils, shaking, frothing at the mouth, wheezing, nd confusion. What is the first drug your going to give?

A

Atropine

Mosier Test (3 decks)

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