MOSBY Flashcards
Empathic understanding reflects which of the following characteristics?
A. It accurately reflects others’ feelings.
B. It connects the feelings to concrete circumstances that are likely to be causing the feelings.
C. It accepts the feelings as real and important.
D. It is nonjudgmental: it does not compromise the listener’s objectivity.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
A 14-year-old male patient has significant plaque build-up and one cavity. Upon inquiry, the patient tells you that he brushes his teeth about once a day and does not floss because it is difficult and too time-consuming. Which of the following would likely be the least effective way to address his oral hygiene practices and get him to improve his oral self-care?
A. Educate him regarding the ways in which he can improve his oral hygiene and avoid dental problems in the future.
B. Use a collaborative relationship to arrange for modification of consequences.
C. Use the Premack principle.
D. Set up a behavioral contract.
E. Set up a system of positive reinforcers.
A. Educate him regarding the ways in which he can improve his oral hygiene and avoid dental problems in the future
A 20-year-old woman has significant plaque build-up. Upon inquiry, she tells you that she brushes twice daily and flosses daily. You determine that the patient should be educated about optimal brushing procedures. Which strategy might you first use in a series of steps for improving her brushing skills?
A. Demonstrate your recommended brushing practices.
B. Explain to her good brushing technique.
C. Tell her you don’t believe she brushes twice daily.
D. Ask her to demonstrate her teeth brushing.
E. Clean her teeth.
D. Ask her to demonstrate her teeth brushing.
Which of the following statements is false regarding behavior change?
A. Goals are long-term targets, whereas objectives are reachable steps/goals along the way.
B. Shaping is a behavior change strategy in which the patient learns though the dental professional’s demonstration of the desired behavior.
C. The basic behavioral model consists of antecedents, behaviors, and consequences.
D. Some consequences will strengthen a behavior whereas others will weaken it.
E. Generally, the consequences of today’s behavior will affect the way in which we behave tomorrow
B. Shaping is a behavior change strategy in which the patient learns though the dental professional’s demonstration of the desired behavior.❌
You need to inject a local anesthetic for a 10-year-old patient. You note that this patient appears to be very anxious and frequently asks what you are doing or are about to do. To which technique is the patient least likely to respond well?
A. Distraction.
B. Taking a few deep breaths.
C. Bringing his mother in the room for reassurance.
D. Provide him with age-appropriate information about the injection.
E. Give the patient an amount of time (how long it will take) and ask him to count.
A. Distraction.
Which statement is false regarding child pain management?
A. It is recommended that a dentist provide specific direction and praise for cooperation.
B. Children do not have a fully developed sense of time; therefore, it is recommended that one use more concrete measures of time such as counting or a visible timer (e.g., egg timer).
C. The Tell-Show-Do technique is no longer recommended since it has been demonstrated to increase anxiety and reports of pain during treatments.
D. In order to enhance the sense of control, it is recommended that one establish a hand signal
signifying distress and a desire for the dentist to stop or take a break.
E. Once a child begins to complain about poor pain control, the chances of having a successful visit drop dramatically.
C. The Tell-Show-Do technique is no longer recommended since it has been demonstrated to increase anxiety and reports of pain during treatments.❌
What behavior can you typically expect from an anxious patient in the waiting room?
A. He or she is more likely to sit still, hands clasped together.
B. He or she is more likely to sit casually, legs
crossed, reading a magazine.
C. He or she is more likely to keep to himself or herself and not speak unless spoken to.
D. He or she is more likely to fidget in the chair, moving his or her hands and feet.
E. Both A and C.
D. He or she is more likely to fidget in the chair, moving his or her hands and feet.
What is the most likely consequence of the avoidance of a feared stimulus?
A. Reinforcement of the associated anxiety.
B. Habituation to the stimulus.
C. Decreased anxiety in response to the stimulus.
D. Learned helplessness.
E. Increased coping resources.
A. Reinforcement of the associated anxiety.
The first time you perform a complicated dental procedure, you feel uncomfortable and nervous. At one point, you even think for a moment that you will not be able to complete the procedure. However, you stay with it, and near the end of the procedure you feel much better. Which concept does this best exemplify?
A. Covert conditioning
B. Systematic desensitization
C. Habituation
D. Cognitive restructuring
E. Psychoeducation
C. Habituation
During a previous dental visit, you assisted a patient by generating his statement, “Even if there is some pain, it will be brief. I have ways to cope and I’ve done well using them.” The patient will remind himself of this during future dental procedures. This patient’s statement exemplifies which of the following strategies?
A. Rational response
B. Self-efficacy induction
C. Relaxation statement
D. Imagery
E. Systematic desensitization
A. Rational response
In clinical practice, you frequently see young patients who are nervous about seeing the dentist. Knowing which factors are important influences on young patients’ comfort, you consider which of the following to help your patients to feel more comfortable?
A. Inviting a parent into the operatory for support.
B. Placing toys and children’s books in the waiting room.
C. Hanging child-friendly décor in the operatory.
D. Talking to the child about his or her interests before beginning your work.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Dental intervention studies suggest that educating patients regarding dental care (patient education) is more effective than behavioral modification (behavioral intervention) in increasing compliance.
A. True.
B. False.
C. Sometimes.
D. Both are equally effective.
E. Cannot be determined.
B. False.
NOTES;
BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION>PATIENT EDUCATION
Which technique is typically not useful in treating the anxious patient?
A. Using less structure in establishing rapport.
B. Reassuring the patient by telling the patient not to worry.
C. Providing reasons before asking for sensitive information.
D. Using empathy.
E. Making expectations clear.
B. Reassuring the patient by telling the patient not to worry.
The most common site for oral cancers in the oral cavity is _____.
A. Lip
B. Soft palate
C. Hard palate
D. Tongue
E. Tonsils
D. Tongue
The most effective method to prevent caries on the occlusal surfaces among school-age children is _____.
A. Sealants
B. Community water fluoridation
C. School dietary fluoride
D. School fluoride mouth rinse
E. School fluoridation
A. Sealants
In this type of study design, neither the subject nor the investigator knows to which group a subject belongs.
A. Matching studies
B. Randomized
C. Double-blind
D. Single-blind
E. None of the above
C. Double-blind
The following component of a scientific article provides the reader with detailed information regarding the study design.
A. Introduction
B. Background
C. Literature review
D. Methods
E. Abstract
D. Methods
The variance for data set A is 25 and for data set B is 9. Therefore, we can conclude _____.
A. There are more items in data set A than data set B
B. The mean of data set B is smaller than the mean
for data set A
C. The items in data set A are more widely spread about the mean value than in data set B
D. The standard deviation for data set B is larger than for data set A
E. None of the above
C. The items in data set A are more widely spread about the mean value than in data set B
What route of transmission is a needlestick injury of infectious disease?
A. Direct contact
B. Indirect contact
C. Accidental contact
D. Parenteral contact
E. Droplets
D. Parenteral contact
Which of the following is/are recommendations for the use of masks?
A. Use whenever aerosols or spatter may be generated.
B. A new mask should be worn for each patient.
C. Masks should be changed at least once every hour.
D. Masks should be changed more frequently in the presence of heavy aerosol contamination.
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
The following definition refers specifically to the process in which an antimicrobial agent destroys (germicide) or inhibits the growth (microbiostatic) of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate surfaces.
A. Antisepsis
B. Microbacterial control
C. Sterilization
D. Disinfection
E. Asepsis
D. Disinfection
The following biological test is used to check the effectiveness of the sterilization process.
A. Spore test
B. Total bacterial count test
C. Aseptic test
D. EPA test
E. Disinfection test
A. Spore test
Which of the following are guidelines for disinfectants used in dental practice?
A. Have an EPA registration number.
B. Kill the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C. Have an ADA seal of approval.
D. Must be used according to guidelines.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which of the following statements about material safety data sheets (MSDSs) is/are correct?
A. Employees have the right to know about on the-job hazards.
B. The MSDSs help to protect employees.
C. An MSDS contains information on hazardous materials, substance, and wastes.
D. The MSDS describes chemical hazards and how to work with the chemical safely.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Some dental plans allow the dentist to charge the patient any difference between what the plan agrees to pay and the dentist’s UCR (usual, customary, reasonable) fees. This arrangement is called _____.
A. Payment differential
B. Balance billing
C. Prospective reimbursement
D. Managed care
E. None of the above
B. Balance billing
Prospective reimbursement is a mechanism in which the dentist is compensated before treatment is provided (i.e., in capitation systems).
Managed Care is an arrangement in which a third party mediates between providers and patients negotiating reimbursement for certain services and overseeing the treatments delivered
A patient is sitting in the chair immediately following an extraction. She says, “Thank you. That wasn’t as bad as I expected, but my sister told me that the first night after having a tooth pulled is very painful. What if the medication you’re giving me isn’t strong enough?” Choose the most appropriate response.
A. “Did she make you feel worried about that?”
B. “It sounds like you’re worried that you might not have enough pain relief when you’re home.”
C. “I understand your concern.”
D. “Don’t worry. I’ll give you plenty of pain medicine.”
E. “It sounds like your sister had a unusually bad experience. Don’t believe what others tell you, and certainly don’t let that worry you. You’ll be fine.”
B. “It sounds like you’re worried that you might not have enough pain relief when you’re home.”
During admission, a patient interrupts you on a number of occasions with stories about past dental experiences while you are attempting to take a complete medical history. Your best response would be _____.
A. Say nothing, listen to the patient, and finish your intake as best you can.
B. Say, “I’d like to focus on your present experience and right now I need to know your medical history.”
C. Say, “It seems like you’ve had some important experiences and I would like to hear more about them, but first, let’s discuss this health questionnaire before we address it, okay?”
D. Say, “I don’t need to know the details of your dental history. Please inform me of the experiences asked about in the questionnaire.”
E. Say, “We have about 30 minutes to complete thisquestionnaire and get started in your examination, so let’s focus on that.”
C. Say, “It seems like you’ve had some important experiences and I would like to hear more about them, but first, let’s discuss this health questionnaire before we address it, okay?”
A 7-year-old child has a history of recurrent pain and discomfort in a second molar, which has a necrotic pulp. You present the treatment options to the parents. “There are several ways in which we can treat this problem. We could do a pulpectomy in which we . . . . We could do something called a pulpotomy, which involves. . . . We could apply a pulp cap which is . . . . We could remove the tooth. Or we could leave the tooth untreated for now and see how things go.” You have phrased the options so that they are in what you believe to be the order of descending desirability and you have indicated that to the patient. Which option is most likely to be chosen by the parents?
A. Pulpectomy
B. Pulpotomy
C. Pulp cap
D. Extraction
E. No treatment
A. Pulpectomy
Which statement is false regarding motivation?
A. Motivation is strengthened when a person succeeds and is weakened when a person fails to achieve his/her goals.
B. Motivation is increased when the patient focuses on long-term goals.
C. Motivating a patient can be achieved by generating interest, showing your concern, and providing information.
D. Encourage a sense of personal acceptance in the face of the inevitable difficulties involved in breaking old habits and establishing new ones.
E. Help a patient cope with relapses by emphasizing the knowledge gained.
B. Motivation is increased when the patient focuses on long-term goals❌
Which statement is false about behavioral contracts?
A. It is a legal and binding agreement between health care professional and patient.
B. It helps solidify an agreement with a patient.
C. It should always be open to modification.
D. It helps clarify agreements.
E. The clinician should give a copy to the patient and keep one for himself or herself.
A. It is a legal and binding agreement between health care professional and patient.❌
A 6-year-old patient likes to tell you stories about school. Each time he begins a story, you stop working to listen. After three long sessions, you realize that the child is attempting to avoid or delay the dental work by telling stories. You decide that from this point on you are going to continue working while engaged in conversation with the patient. At first, the child tells you more stories about school and, further, tries other strategies to get your attention and stop your work. He eventually settles down and allows you to work, whether or not you are engaged in conversation. This is an example of _____.
A. Shaping
B. Extinction
C. Modeling
D. Stimulus control
E. Power
B. Extinction
Which of the following is not a factor in the appraisal of stress?
A. Familiarity—how familiar the situation is; the less familiar, the more stressful it may seem.
B. Predictability—how predictable the situation is; the less predictable, the more stressful it may seem.
C. Controllability—how controllable the situation seems to be; the less controllable, the more stressful it may seem.
D. Imminence—the more imminent the situation is, the more stressful it may seem.
E. Positive or negative valence—whether the situation is positive or negative; positive situations (e.g., a wedding) are typically experienced as less stressful than are negative situations (e.g., a divorce).
E. Positive or negative valence—whether the situation is positive or negative; positive situations (e.g., a wedding) are typically experienced as less stressful than are negative situations (e.g., a divorce).❌
The substitution of a relaxation response for an anxiety response (using a relaxation strategy such as diaphragmatic breathing) when one is exposed to a hierarchy of feared stimuli is called _____.
A. Progressive muscle relaxation
B. Habituation
C. Flooding
D. Systematic desensitization
E. Biofeedback
D. Systematic desensitization
Which statement is false regarding the relationship between pain and fear?
A. Fear initially inhibits pain due to a release of endorphins from the pituitary, resulting in an analgesic effect.
B. Although muscle tension contributes to the experience of anxiety, it does not contribute to the perception of pain.
C. Any autonomic activation causes one to have a lower pain threshold.
D. Catastrophic thinking and a perceived lack of control are common factors that influence pain perceptions.
E. Misattribution occurs when patients identify an event as painful because they can identify a fearful stimulus.
B. Although muscle tension contributes to the experience of anxiety, it does not contribute to the perception of pain.❌
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive strategy that may be useful in pain management?
A. Address expectations by providing information and addressing any questions and/or concerns.
B. Suggest to patients that they learn to identify, evaluate, and eliminate maladaptive thinking.
C. Encourage patient efforts to address their anxiety and pain management.
D. Suggest to patients that they learn to generate, evaluate, and apply more realistic thinking.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of classical conditioning?
A. You teach a dentally-anxious patient diaphragmatic breathing unconditional stimulus (US), which naturally induces the physiological relaxation response unconditional response (UR). You seat that anxious patient in the dental chair for an examination conditional stimulus (CS) and ask them to use their breathing skills during the exam (US). While using the breathing skills, the patient will feel more relaxed conditional response (CR).
B. You teach a dentally-anxious patient diaphragmatic breathing (US), which naturally induces the physiological relaxation response (UR). You ask the patient to practice that technique at home (CS) and also use it during procedures to reduce the subjective experience of anxiety (CR).
C. You teach a dentally-anxious patient diaphragmatic breathing (US), which naturally induces the physiological relaxation response (UR). You seat that anxious patient in the dental chair for an examination (CS) and ask them to use their breathing skills during the exam (US). The focus on breathing serves as a distraction (US) from what the patient feels is threatening and fearful (CR), and, therefore reports less anxiety (CR).
D. You teach a dentally-anxious patient diaphragmatic breathing (US), which naturally induces the physiological relaxation response (UR). You seat that anxious patient in the dental chair for an examination (CS) and ask them to use their breathing skills during the exam (US). After a number of these experiences, the patient will feel relaxed during the exam while using the breathing technique (UR) and without using it at all (CR).
E. None of the above.
D. You teach a dentally-anxious patient diaphragmatic breathing (US), which naturally induces the physiological relaxation response (UR). You seat that anxious patient in the dental chair for an examination (CS) and ask them to use their breathing skills during the exam (US). After a number of these experiences, the patient will feel relaxed during the exam while using the breathing technique (UR) and without using it at all (CR).
NOTES:
Classical conditioning (also known as respondent or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when a neutral stimulus, one that is not associated with a particular response, is paired with an unconditioned stimulus ([US]; one that naturally elicits a particular response [UR]). After a number of pairings, the neutral stimulus (CS) elicits a conditioned response (CR), which is essentially a weaker form of the (UR) without the presence of the US.
The best strategy for addressing dental fear that is based upon distrust of the dentist is to _____.
A. Use distraction techniques
B. Use cognitive coping strategies
C. Enhance informational and behavioral control
D. Teach diaphragmatic breathing
E. Reassure the patient that he or she can trust you
C. Enhance informational and behavioral control
What behavior can you typically expect from an anxious patient in the dental chair?
A. He or she is more likely to sit still, hands clasped together.
B. He or she is more likely to sit casually, legs crossed, reading a magazine.
C. He or she is more likely to keep to himself or herself and not speak unless spoken to.
D. He or she is more likely to fidget in the chair, moving his or her hands and feet.
E. Both A and C.
E. Both A and C.
A 32-year-old male patient is fearful of receiving injections. You decide to use a cognitive behavioral strategy with him to help him through an injection. You have already instructed him in diaphragmatic breathing and ask him to practice this skill throughout the procedure. First, you show him the syringe. You talk about the characteristics of the needle. You then place the needle in his mouth with the cap on. Then, you simulate the procedure with the cap on. You then simulate the procedure with the cap off. Eventually, you proceed with the injection. What does this procedure exemplify?
A. Habituation
B. Cognitive control
C. Flooding
D. Systematic desensitization
E. Behavior modification
D. Systematic desensitization
Principles of operant conditioning teach us that _____.
A. If you praise your 5-year-old patient and reward him for keeping his legs still while you are drilling, this will make the child happy and more likely to like you and less likely to resist your requests.
B. If you praise your 5-year-old patient and reward him for keeping his legs still while you are drilling, this will increase the likelihood that he will remain still in similar situations in the future.
C. If you make the dental environment a child-friendly place, your young patient will be more comfortable.
D. If you pair the dental chair with having a parent present, the child will be less likely to be anxious.
E. None of the above
B. If you praise your 5-year-old patient and reward him for keeping his legs still while you are drilling, this will increase the likelihood that he will remain still in similar situations in the future.
According to anxiety disorders research, it has been suggested that which of the following is the most important component of systematic desensitization?
A. Cognitive restructuring
B. Progressive muscle relaxation
C. Diaphragmatic breathing
D. Exposure
E. Psychoeducation
D. Exposure
Sarah S. is a young child who consistently presents as anxious, hypervigilant, and upset during dental visits. Sarah is often accompanied by her parent, who appears to be very concerned about the child and wants to be involved at all times in her evaluation and treatment. During this visit, Sarah’s treatment requires an injection and a rubber dam application, which you anticipate may lead to increased anxiety. Which strategy would be the least effective in completing the rubber dam application?
A. Tell-Show-Do
B. Distraction
C. Ask the child to be a helper
D. Structure time
E. Rehearsals
B. Distraction
Which of the following factors are involved in the cognitive appraisal of a threat?
A. Interference, adaptability, longevity, and reactance
B. Adaptability, preventability, inevitability, and constancy
C. Controllability, familiarity, predictability, and imminence
D. Validity, reliability, adaptability, and predictability
E. Accountability, reliability, validity, and familiarity
C. Controllability, familiarity, predictability, and imminence
A patient has difficulty inhibiting the gag reflex during x-ray procedures. You suggest that the patient take several x-ray packets home and practice holding the packets in his or her mouth for increasingly longer periods of time. Which of the following techniques does this best exemplify?
A. Reinforcement
B. Graded exposure
C. Modeling
D. Behavioral control
E. Systematic desensitization
B. Graded exposure
When faced with a frightened child patient, which would be the most appropriate or most effective response?
A. Ask the child about his or her fears.
B. Reschedule the appointment for a later date.
C. Reassure the child.
D. Tell the child that dentistry shouldn’t be frightening.
E. Chastise the child.
A. Ask the child about his or her fears.
Research suggests that life events and perceived stress/distress _____ predictors of self- reported health concerns.
A. Are
B. Are not
C. Are sometimes
D. Have little to do with
E. None of the above
A. Are
Patients experiencing stress and anxiety typically require _____ interpersonal distance for comfortable interaction.
A. Greater
B. Less
C. The same as patients who are not experiencing stress and anxiety
D. Individualized
E. Behaviorally controlled
A. Greater
Which statement is true about the use of silence as an interviewing technique?
A. It permits and encourages patient participation.
B. It is a nonverbal technique for showing interest in the patient.
C. It is a nonverbal technique for encouraging the patient to speak.
D. It is done by silently attending to the patient, while maintaining eye contact.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
How do people typically respond to stress?
A. Physiologically (fight-or-flight response; i.e., autonomic arousal)
B. Cognitively (beliefs of self-efficacy, stress appraisal)
C. Behaviorally (e.g., disturbed sleep/appetite, impaired attention, acting out)
D. Emotionally (e.g., anxiety, anger, fear)
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following indices is not reversible?
A. DMFT
B. GI
C. PI
D. OHI-S
E. None of the above
A. DMFT
The recommended level of fluoride for community water supply systems in the United States ranges from _____.
A. 0.2–0.5 ppm
B. 0.7–1.2 mL
C. 1.2–1.5 ppm
D. 0.2–0.5 mL
E. 0.7–1.2 ppm
E. 0.7–1.2 ppm
The supplemental fluoride daily dosage schedule for a 5-year-old child who lives in a community where the concentration of fluoride in the drinking water is less than 0.3 ppm is _____.
A. 0 mg
B. 0.10 mg
C. 0.25 mg
D. 0.50 mg
E. 1 mg
D. 0.50 mg
What type of epidemiology is primarily used in intervention studies?
A. Descriptive
B. Analytical
C. Observational
D. Experimental
E. None of the above
D. Experimental
A researcher follows a group of individuals in a population over 10 years to determine who develops cancer, and then evaluates the factors that affected the group. What type of study is this?
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case control
C. Randomized
D. Prospective cohort
E. Retrospective cohort
D. Prospective cohort
NOTES:
Cross-sectional- exposure and disease outcome
Case control- with disease vs without disease
Randomized- random group of people
Prospective cohort- present to future
Retrospective cohort-past to present
A group of researchers undertook a study to assess the relationship between squamous cell carcinoma and chewing tobacco. The researchers determined past exposure records among subjects who had been diagnosed with the disease. This type of study was a _____.
A. Clinical trial
B. Community trial
C. Retrospective cohort study
D. Case control study
E. Randomized clinical trial
C. Retrospective cohort study
NOTES:
Clinical trial- address the efficacy of preventive interventions applied
Community trial- address the efficacy of preventive interventions applied at the group level
Retrospective cohort study- past to present
Case control study- with disease vs without disease
Randomized clinical trial-measure the effectiveness of a new intervention or treatment
The following part of a scientific article summarizes the background and focus of the study, the population sampled, and the experimental design, findings, and conclusion.
A. Introduction
B. Background
C. Literature review
D. Methods
E. Abstract
E. Abstract
In this section of a scientific article, the researcher interprets and explains the results obtained.
A. Summary and conclusion
B. Results
C. Discussion
D. Abstract
E. None of the above
C. Discussion
The following were the scores for six dental students in their Restorative Dentistry exam: 56, 64, 68, 46, 82, 86. Therefore, the median is _____.
A. 68
B. 64
C. 67
D. 40
E. 66
E. 66
NOTES:
Median: 46, 56, 64, 68, 82, 86
= in the middle 64 & 68
= 64 + 68 /2
= 66
A correlation analysis shows that as the income of the population increases, the number of decayed teeth decreases. Therefore, an expected value for this correlation coefficient (r) would be _____.
A. 0
B. 1
C. −1
D. 2
E. −2
C. −1
NOTES:
0: NO CORRELATION
1: DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
-1: INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL
A test result that erroneously excludes an individual from a specific diagnostic or reference group is called _____.
A. Erroneous
B. False positive
C. False negative
D. Mistaken
E. None of the above
C. False negative
Which of the following statements about transmissible diseases is false?
A. The risk of transmission after percutaneous injury is higher for HBV than for HIV.
B. HCV and HIV are both caused by an RNA virus.
C. A vaccine to immunize against HBV is available.
D. The average risk of infection for HBV after a needlestick injury falls between HCV and HIV.
E. All of the above.
D. The average risk of infection for HBV after a needlestick injury falls between HCV and HIV.❌
NOTES:
The average risk of infection for HBV after a needlestick injury DOES NOT fall between HCV and HIV. For HBV, the risk of transmission after percutaneous injury is 30%; this figure is 1.8% for HCV and 0.3% for HIV.
In HIV diagnosis, the Western blot assay is used to confirm the results of a positive ELISA test. Therefore, we can say that the Western blot test will confirm a _____.
A. True-positive result
B. True-negative result
C. False-positive result
D. False-negative result
E. None of the above
A. True-positive result
Which of the following statement(s) about the hepatitis B vaccination is(are) true?
A. HBV vaccine must be offered to all potentially exposed dental workers.
B. The HBV vaccine must be free to all potentially exposed dental workers.
C. At the time of employment, each person should be asked to provide documentation of previous immunizations.
D. Three doses are given to confer immunity.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which of the following terms refers specifically to the process where an antimicrobial agent destroys (germicide) or avoids the growth (microbiostatic) of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate surfaces?
A. Antisepsis
B. Microbacterial control
C. Sterilization
D. Disinfection
E. Asepsis
D. Disinfection
Which of the following is the most common method of sterilization?
A. Dry heat
B. Ethylene oxide
C. Glutaraldehyde at 2%
D. Autoclave
E. Chemi-clave
D. Autoclave
A set of precautions designed to prevent transmission of HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens when providing first aid or health care is known as _____.
A. Asepsis
B. Infection control
C. Sterilization
D. Disinfection
E. Standard infection control procedures
E. Standard infection control procedures
Which of the following chemical agents is not a disinfectant?
A. Iodophors
B. Sodium hypochlorite
C. Synthetic phenol
D. Isopropyl alcohol
E. Glutaraldehyde
D. Isopropyl alcohol❌ (antiseptic)
Which of the following recommendations must be followed when handling mercury?
A. Train personnel involved in the handling of mercury
B. Work in properly ventilated areas
C. Use high-volume evacuation systems when finishing or removing amalgams
D. Avoid direct skin contact with the metal
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
According to the CDC, the acceptable water quality in a dental office should be _____.
A. < 125 CFU/mL
B. < 250 CFU/mL
C. < 500 CFU/mL
D. < 750 CFU/mL
E. < 1000 CFU/mL
C. < 500 CFU/mL
Which of the following ADA’s Principles of Ethics states that a dentist has a duty to respect the patient’s right to self determination and confidentiality?
A. Patient Autonomy
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Justice
E. Veracity
A. Patient Autonomy
NOTES:
Patient Autonomy- self governance
Nonmaleficence- do no harm
Beneficence- do good
Justice- fairness
Veracity- truthfulness
Which of the following are characteristics of proper documentation in a dental record?
A. Specific
B. Objective
C. Complete
D. Timely
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Which of the following is an arrangement between a plan and a group of dentists whereby the providers agree to accept certain payments (usually less than their usual fees) in anticipation of a higher volume of patients?
A. PPO
B. Capitation
C. HMO
D. IPA
E. None of the above
A. PPO
NOTES:
Preffered Provider Organization (PPO)- an arrangement between a plan and a group of dentists whereby the providers agree to accept certain payments (usually less than their usual fees) in anticipation of a higher volume of patients
Capitation- payment mechanism whereby the dentist is paid a fixed amount irrespective of the number of patients seen or services provided.
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) - are also called capitation plans because of the payment mechanism they use.
Individual Practice Association (IPA)- is a type of plan that combines the risk of capitation with fee for service reimbursement.
Which of the following agencies monitors and prevents disease outbreaks, implements disease prevention strategies, and maintains national health statistics?
A. CDC
B. FDA
C. DEA
D. IHS
E. None of the above
A. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
With no other intervention or instruction, which is most likely to trigger a physiological relaxation response?
A. Observing one’s own physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure)
B. Muscle tensing
C. Reassurance
D. Thought stopping
E. Diaphragmatic breathing
E. Diaphragmatic breathing
