MOSBY Flashcards
Empathic understanding reflects which of the following characteristics?
A. It accurately reflects others’ feelings.
B. It connects the feelings to concrete circumstances that are likely to be causing the feelings.
C. It accepts the feelings as real and important.
D. It is nonjudgmental: it does not compromise the listener’s objectivity.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
A 14-year-old male patient has significant plaque build-up and one cavity. Upon inquiry, the patient tells you that he brushes his teeth about once a day and does not floss because it is difficult and too time-consuming. Which of the following would likely be the least effective way to address his oral hygiene practices and get him to improve his oral self-care?
A. Educate him regarding the ways in which he can
improve his oral hygiene and avoid dental
problems in the future.
B. Use a collaborative relationship to arrange for
modification of consequences.
C. Use the Premack principle.
D. Set up a behavioral contract.
E. Set up a system of positive reinforcers.
A. Educate him regarding the ways in which he can
improve his oral hygiene and avoid dental
problems in the future
A 20-year-old woman has significant plaque build-up. Upon inquiry, she tells you that she brushes twice daily and flosses daily. You determine that the patient should be educated about optimal brushing procedures. Which strategy might you first use in a series of steps for improving her brushing skills?
A. Demonstrate your recommended brushing
practices.
B. Explain to her good brushing technique.
C. Tell her you don’t believe she brushes twice daily.
D. Ask her to demonstrate her teeth brushing.
E. Clean her teeth.
D. Ask her to demonstrate her teeth brushing.
Which of the following statements is false regarding behavior change?
A. Goals are long-term targets, whereas objectives
are reachable steps/goals along the way.
B. Shaping is a behavior change strategy in which
the patient learns though the dental professional’s
demonstration of the desired behavior.
C. The basic behavioral model consists of
antecedents, behaviors, and consequences.
D. Some consequences will strengthen a behavior
whereas others will weaken it.
E. Generally, the consequences of today’s behavior
will affect the way in which we behave tomorrow
B. Shaping is a behavior change strategy in which
the patient learns though the dental professional’s
demonstration of the desired behavior.
You need to inject a local anesthetic for a 10-year-old patient. You note that this patient appears to be very anxious and frequently asks what you are doing or are about to do. To which technique is the patient least likely to respond well?
A. Distraction.
B. Taking a few deep breaths.
C. Bringing his mother in the room for reassurance.
D. Provide him with age-appropriate information
about the injection.
E. Give the patient an amount of time (how long it
will take) and ask him to count.
A. Distraction.
Which statement is false regarding child pain management?
A. It is recommended that a dentist provide specific
direction and praise for cooperation.
B. Children do not have a fully developed sense of
time; therefore, it is recommended that one use
more concrete measures of time such as counting
or a visible timer (e.g., egg timer).
C. The Tell-Show-Do technique is no longer
recommended since it has been demonstrated to
increase anxiety and reports of pain during
treatments.
D. In order to enhance the sense of control, it is
recommended that one establish a hand signal
signifying distress and a desire for the dentist to
stop or take a break.
E. Once a child begins to complain about poor pain
control, the chances of having a successful visit
drop dramatically.
C. The Tell-Show-Do technique is no longer
recommended since it has been demonstrated to
increase anxiety and reports of pain during
treatments.
What behavior can you typically expect from an
anxious patient in the waiting room?
A. He or she is more likely to sit still, hands clasped
together.
B. He or she is more likely to sit casually, legs
crossed, reading a magazine.
C. He or she is more likely to keep to himself or
herself and not speak unless spoken to.
D. He or she is more likely to fidget in the chair,
moving his or her hands and feet.
E. Both A and C.
D. He or she is more likely to fidget in the chair, moving his or her hands and feet.
What is the most likely consequence of the
avoidance of a feared stimulus?
A. Reinforcement of the associated anxiety.
B. Habituation to the stimulus.
C. Decreased anxiety in response to the stimulus.
D. Learned helplessness.
E. Increased coping resources.
A. Reinforcement of the associated anxiety.
The first time you perform a complicated dental procedure, you feel uncomfortable and nervous. At one point, you even think for a moment that you will not be able to complete the procedure. However, you stay with it, and near the end of
the procedure you feel much better. Which concept does this best exemplify?
A. Covert conditioning
B. Systematic desensitization
C. Habituation
D. Cognitive restructuring
E. Psychoeducation
C. Habituation
During a previous dental visit, you assisted a patient by generating his statement, “Even if there is some pain, it will be brief. I have ways to cope and I’ve done well using them.” The
patient will remind himself of this during future dental procedures. This patient’s statement exemplifies which of the following strategies?
A. Rational response
B. Self-efficacy induction
C. Relaxation statement
D. Imagery
E. Systematic desensitization
A. Rational response
In clinical practice, you frequently see young patients who are nervous about seeing the dentist. Knowing which factors are important influences on young patients’ comfort, you consider which of the following to help your patients to feel more comfortable?
A. Inviting a parent into the operatory for support.
B. Placing toys and children’s books in the waiting
room.
C. Hanging child-friendly décor in the operatory.
D. Talking to the child about his or her interests
before beginning your work.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Dental intervention studies suggest that
educating patients regarding dental care
(patient education) is more effective than
behavioral modification (behavioral
intervention) in increasing compliance.
A. True.
B. False.
C. Sometimes.
D. Both are equally effective.
E. Cannot be determined.
B. False.
Which technique is typically not useful in treating the anxious patient?
A. Using less structure in establishing rapport.
B. Reassuring the patient by telling the patient not to
worry.
C. Providing reasons before asking for sensitive
information.
D. Using empathy.
E. Making expectations clear.
B. Reassuring the patient by telling the patient not to
worry.
The most common site for oral cancers in the
oral cavity is _____.
A. Lip
B. Soft palate
C. Hard palate
D. Tongue
E. Tonsils
D. Tongue
The most effective method to prevent caries on
the occlusal surfaces among school-age children
is _____.
A. Sealants
B. Community water fluoridation
C. School dietary fluoride
D. School fluoride mouth rinse
E. School fluoridation
A. Sealants
In this type of study design, neither the subject nor the investigator knows to which group a subject belongs.
A. Matching studies
B. Randomized
C. Double-blind
D. Single-blind
E. None of the above
C. Double-blind
The following component of a scientific article
provides the reader with detailed information
regarding the study design.
A. Introduction
B. Background
C. Literature review
D. Methods
E. Abstract
D. Methods
The variance for data set A is 25 and for data
set B is 9. Therefore, we can conclude _____.
A. There are more items in data set A than data set B
B. The mean of data set B is smaller than the mean
for data set A
C. The items in data set A are more widely spread
about the mean value than in data set B
D. The standard deviation for data set B is larger
than for data set A
E. None of the above
C. The items in data set A are more widely spread
about the mean value than in data set B
What route of transmission is a needlestick injury of infectious disease?
A. Direct contact
B. Indirect contact
C. Accidental contact
D. Parenteral contact
E. Droplets
D. Parenteral contact
Which of the following is/are recommendations for the use of masks?
A. Use whenever aerosols or spatter may be
generated.
B. A new mask should be worn for each patient.
C. Masks should be changed at least once every
hour.
D. Masks should be changed more frequently in the
presence of heavy aerosol contamination.
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
The following definition refers specifically to the process in which an antimicrobial agent destroys (germicide) or inhibits the growth (microbiostatic) of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate surfaces.
A. Antisepsis
B. Microbacterial control
C. Sterilization
D. Disinfection
E. Asepsis
D. Disinfection
The following biological test is used to check the effectiveness of the sterilization process.
A. Spore test
B. Total bacterial count test
C. Aseptic test
D. EPA test
E. Disinfection test
A. Spore test
Which of the following are guidelines for disinfectants used in dental practice?
A. Have an EPA registration number.
B. Kill the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C. Have an ADA seal of approval.
D. Must be used according to guidelines.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Which of the following statements about material safety data sheets (MSDSs) is/are correct?
A. Employees have the right to know about on
the-job hazards.
B. The MSDSs help to protect employees.
C. An MSDS contains information on hazardous
materials, substance, and wastes.
D. The MSDS describes chemical hazards and how
to work with the chemical safely.
E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
Some dental plans allow the dentist to charge
the patient any difference between what the plan
agrees to pay and the dentist’s UCR (usual, customary, reasonable) fees. This arrangement is called _____.
A. Payment differential
B. Balance billing
C. Prospective reimbursement
D. Managed care
E. None of the above
B. Balance billing
A patient is sitting in the chair immediately following an extraction. She says, “Thank you.
That wasn’t as bad as I expected, but my sister
told me that the first night after having a tooth
pulled is very painful. What if the medication
you’re giving me isn’t strong enough?” Choose
the most appropriate response.
A. “Did she make you feel worried about that?”
B. “It sounds like you’re worried that you might not have enough pain relief when you’re home.”
C. “I understand your concern.”
D. “Don’t worry. I’ll give you plenty of pain
medicine.”
E. “It sounds like your sister had a unusually bad experience. Don’t believe what others tell you, and certainly don’t let that worry you. You’ll be fine.”
B. “It sounds like you’re worried that you might not have enough pain relief when you’re home.”
During admission, a patient interrupts you on
a number of occasions with stories about past
dental experiences while you are attempting to take a complete medical history. Your best
response would be _____.
A. Say nothing, listen to the patient, and finish your intake as best you can.
B. Say, “I’d like to focus on your present
experience and right now I need to know your
medical history.”
C. Say, “It seems like you’ve had some important experiences and I would like to hear more about them, but first, let’s discuss this health questionnaire before we address it, okay?”
D. Say, “I don’t need to know the details of your dental history. Please inform me of the
experiences asked about in the questionnaire.”
E. Say, “We have about 30 minutes to complete this questionnaire and get started in your examination, so let’s focus on that.”
C. Say, “It seems like you’ve had some important experiences and I would like to hear more about them, but first, let’s discuss this health questionnaire before we address it, okay?”
A 7-year-old child has a history of recurrent
pain and discomfort in a second molar, which
has a necrotic pulp. You present the treatment
options to the parents. “There are several ways in which we can treat this problem. We could do a pulpectomy in which we . . . . We could do something called a pulpotomy, which
involves. . . . We could apply a pulp cap which
is . . . . We could remove the tooth. Or we could leave the tooth untreated for now and see how things go.” You have phrased the options so that they are in what you believe to be the order of descending desirability and you have indicated that to the patient. Which option is most likely to be chosen by the parents?
A. Pulpectomy
B. Pulpotomy
C. Pulp cap
D. Extraction
E. No treatment
A. Pulpectomy
Which statement is false regarding motivation?
A. Motivation is strengthened when a person
succeeds and is weakened when a person fails
to achieve his/her goals.
B. Motivation is increased when the patient
focuses on long-term goals.
C. Motivating a patient can be achieved by
generating interest, showing your concern, and providing information.
D. Encourage a sense of personal acceptance in the face of the inevitable difficulties involved in breaking old habits and establishing new ones.
E. Help a patient cope with relapses by
emphasizing the knowledge gained.
B. Motivation is increased when the patient
focuses on long-term goals
Which statement is false about behavioral contracts?
A. It is a legal and binding agreement between
health care professional and patient.
B. It helps solidify an agreement with a patient.
C. It should always be open to modification.
D. It helps clarify agreements.
E. The clinician should give a copy to the patient and keep one for himself or herself.
A. It is a legal and binding agreement between
health care professional and patient.
