Morphotype (lab 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What do plants derive from the Tree of Life?

A

Eukarya

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2
Q

What is another word for non-vascular plant?

A

Bryophytes or lower plants

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3
Q

Definition of Non-vascular plants

A

Mostly found in damp and moist areas and lack specialized vascular tissues. They are the primitive plants to appear.

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4
Q

group of non-vascular plants (2)

A
  • Algae
  • Bryophytes
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5
Q

How to distinguish a non-vascular plant (5)

A
  • there is no xylem or phloem
  • don’t have any roots or structure
  • usually are more translucent
  • no leave to protect from water loss or to transpire
  • the stem is simpler and weak
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6
Q

What are called the roots of non-vascular plants?

A

Rhizoids
-> They absorb minerals and water through diffusion and osmosis

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7
Q

Algae are…

A

green coloured lower plants that do photosynthesis but lack of structure

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8
Q

Bryophytes are…

A

plants like mosses and liverworts are found in shady areas and feed on dead and decaying matter.

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9
Q

What is another word for vascular plants?

A

Tracheophytes

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10
Q

Definition of vascular plants

A

Plants found on land which have lignified tissues for conducting water and minerals through the plant.

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11
Q

How do we distinguish a vascular plant? (5)

A
  • has water-conducting xylem tissue
  • has a food-conducting phloem tissue
  • has a stem, leaves with stomata, roots
  • tall and large
  • live on land
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12
Q

group of vascular plants (2)

A
  • lower vascular plants (non-seed or cryptograms)
  • higher vascular plants (seed or phanerogams)
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13
Q

Lower vascular plants (no seeds) are…

A

ferns, they still have some characteristics of the non-vascular plants and belong to the group Pteridophyta.

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14
Q

Higher vascular plants (seeds) are…

A

all the rest of the plants not yet classified like flowering plants or conifers.

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15
Q

What is the alteration of generations?

A

A life cycle of plants alternating between gametophytes and sporophytes. It includes haploid and diploid organisms.

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16
Q

Gametophytes (n) are…

A

the haploid gamete-producing phase of the plant (ferns)

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17
Q

Sporophytes (2n) are…

A

the diploid spore-producing phase of the plant (ferns)

18
Q

Phase 1 of the alternation of generation.

A

The gametophyte produces haploid gametes by mitosis.

19
Q

Phase 2 of the alternation of generation

A

Two gametes unite (fertilization) and form a diploid zygote.

20
Q

Phase 3 of the alternation of generation

A

The zygote develops into a multicellular diploid sporophyte.

21
Q

Phase 4 of the alternation of generation

A

The sporophyte produces unicellular haploid spores by meiosis.

22
Q

Phase 5 of the alternation of generation

A

The spores develop into multicellular haploid gametophytes.

23
Q

definition of adaxial

A

The up-facing side of the leaf

24
Q

definition of abaxial

A

The down-facing side of the leaf

25
Q

Definition of autotrophic

A

That can produce its own food from chemical processes in the organism

26
Q

Gymniosperms are…

A

plants from the seed family, but have nothing that covers the seed, it is open. (conifer)

27
Q

Angiosperms are…

A

flowering plants that produce seeds and close within fruits.

28
Q

plant male sex organ

A

antheridium

29
Q

plant male sex gametes

A

antherozoids

30
Q

plant female sex organ

A

archegonium

31
Q

plant female sex gametes

A

single egg cell

32
Q

Modified leave-producing spores

A

Sporophyll

33
Q

Spore-producing structures

A

Sporangia

34
Q

Sporangia which produces one type of spores

A

homosporous (bisexual)

35
Q

Sporangia-producing microspores (male) and megaspores (female)

A

heterosporous (male or female)

36
Q

Male/female cone

A

male/female strobilus

37
Q

gymnosperm male spore-producing leaf

A

microsporophyll

38
Q

gymnosperm male spore-producing inside the leaf

A

microsporangia

39
Q

gymnosperm female spore-producing leaf

A

megasporophyll

40
Q

the gap in the ovule of gymnosperms

A

micropyle

41
Q

gymnosperm female spore

A

megaspore mother cell