Morphotype (lab 1) Flashcards
What do plants derive from the Tree of Life?
Eukarya
What is another word for non-vascular plant?
Bryophytes or lower plants
Definition of Non-vascular plants
Mostly found in damp and moist areas and lack specialized vascular tissues. They are the primitive plants to appear.
group of non-vascular plants (2)
- Algae
- Bryophytes
How to distinguish a non-vascular plant (5)
- there is no xylem or phloem
- don’t have any roots or structure
- usually are more translucent
- no leave to protect from water loss or to transpire
- the stem is simpler and weak
What are called the roots of non-vascular plants?
Rhizoids
-> They absorb minerals and water through diffusion and osmosis
Algae are…
green coloured lower plants that do photosynthesis but lack of structure
Bryophytes are…
plants like mosses and liverworts are found in shady areas and feed on dead and decaying matter.
What is another word for vascular plants?
Tracheophytes
Definition of vascular plants
Plants found on land which have lignified tissues for conducting water and minerals through the plant.
How do we distinguish a vascular plant? (5)
- has water-conducting xylem tissue
- has a food-conducting phloem tissue
- has a stem, leaves with stomata, roots
- tall and large
- live on land
group of vascular plants (2)
- lower vascular plants (non-seed or cryptograms)
- higher vascular plants (seed or phanerogams)
Lower vascular plants (no seeds) are…
ferns, they still have some characteristics of the non-vascular plants and belong to the group Pteridophyta.
Higher vascular plants (seeds) are…
all the rest of the plants not yet classified like flowering plants or conifers.
What is the alteration of generations?
A life cycle of plants alternating between gametophytes and sporophytes. It includes haploid and diploid organisms.
Gametophytes (n) are…
the haploid gamete-producing phase of the plant (ferns)
Sporophytes (2n) are…
the diploid spore-producing phase of the plant (ferns)
Phase 1 of the alternation of generation.
The gametophyte produces haploid gametes by mitosis.
Phase 2 of the alternation of generation
Two gametes unite (fertilization) and form a diploid zygote.
Phase 3 of the alternation of generation
The zygote develops into a multicellular diploid sporophyte.
Phase 4 of the alternation of generation
The sporophyte produces unicellular haploid spores by meiosis.
Phase 5 of the alternation of generation
The spores develop into multicellular haploid gametophytes.
definition of adaxial
The up-facing side of the leaf
definition of abaxial
The down-facing side of the leaf
Definition of autotrophic
That can produce its own food from chemical processes in the organism
Gymniosperms are…
plants from the seed family, but have nothing that covers the seed, it is open. (conifer)
Angiosperms are…
flowering plants that produce seeds and close within fruits.
plant male sex organ
antheridium
plant male sex gametes
antherozoids
plant female sex organ
archegonium
plant female sex gametes
single egg cell
Modified leave-producing spores
Sporophyll
Spore-producing structures
Sporangia
Sporangia which produces one type of spores
homosporous (bisexual)
Sporangia-producing microspores (male) and megaspores (female)
heterosporous (male or female)
Male/female cone
male/female strobilus
gymnosperm male spore-producing leaf
microsporophyll
gymnosperm male spore-producing inside the leaf
microsporangia
gymnosperm female spore-producing leaf
megasporophyll
the gap in the ovule of gymnosperms
micropyle
gymnosperm female spore
megaspore mother cell
