Morphology Vocabulary Module 5 Flashcards
affix
a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.
affixation
the process of attaching a bound morpheme to a word or morphological base to create a new word or change the meaning of an existing word
agglutinating language
a type of synthetic language where words are formed by combining morphemes while maintaining their individual meanings.
allomorph
a variant phonetic form of a morpheme, does not change the meaning of the morpheme but does change the sound and spelling.
alternation
the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization.
ambiguity
a quality of language that makes speech or text open to multiple possible interpretations
analytic language
any language that uses specific grammatical words or particles rather than inflection to express syntactic relations within sentences.
bound morpheme
a morpheme that cannot stand anole as a word and must be attached to another morpheme to form a word
bound root
a root that cannot occur as a separate word apart from another morpheme
closed lexical category
a group of words in a language that is limited and rarely accepts new words, ex: determiners or prepositions (usually structure class words)
compounding
the process of combining multiple stems to create a new word
conjunction
a type of word that connects other words, phrases, or clauses, to create a more complex sentence.
content morpheme
a morpheme that expresses a concrete meaning to alter a stem rather than change its grammatical form.
content word
a word that possesses semantic content and contributes to the meaning of the sentence they are in. (form class word)
derivation
the process of creating a new word from existing words by adding, changing or removing morphemes. (derivational morphemes)
determiner
a word that modifies, describes, or introduces a noun (articles, demonstratives, possessive determiners, pronouns, etc.)
form
any meaningful unit of speech (morpheme, word, or sentence)
free morpheme
morphemes that can function as standalone words without a stem
functional word
words that exist to express grammatical relations between other words in a sentence. (function-class words)
fusional language
a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously signal several meanings.
hierarchical structure
the format of linguistic representations. linguistic structure is organized hierarchically from bigger units from smaller ones.
homophony
words/phrases that sound phonologically similar but have different meanings.
incorporation
a phenomenon where a word forms a compound while retaining its original meaning.
infix
an affix or morpheme that is inserted inside the word stem
inflection
the change of form in a word to mark grammatical features
input
The exposure learners have to the language they are trying to acquire
lexical category
different classes that words can be categorized in based on their grammatical properties
lexicon
the collection of words and word elements that make up a language
morpheme
the smallest linguistic unit, letters or collections of letters that combine with stems or other morphemes to create new words.
morphology
a branch of linguistics that studies the internal structure of words and how they are related
open lexical category
open word classes that are free to accept new words, often form-class words
output
the language created by someone learning a new language
partial reduction
a phonological process that involves omitting part of a consonant cluster
polysynthetic language
languages that heavily rely on compounding morphemes to convey meaning. highly inflectional compared to other languages.
prefix
an affix/morpheme that is placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning or form.
preposition
a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to introduce an object or show direction, time, place, location, or spatial relationships.
productive
the degree to which speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process.
pronoun
a word or group of words that substitute for a noun or noun phrase.
reduplicant
the repeated element of phonological material that affixes to an existing stem in reduplication.
reduplication
reduplication involves copying a phonological unit from a base word and affixing it to the existing word to create a new word form.
root
either a base word or part of a word to which affixes are added.
simultaneous affix
an affix that occurs at the same time as its base
stem
a part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning.
suffix
an affix that is placed after the stem of a word
suppletion
a linguistic phenomenon where a change in the grammatical context of a word changes the word root.
