Morphology Vocabulary Module 5

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

the process of attaching a bound morpheme to a word or morphological base to create a new word or change the meaning of an existing word

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

a type of synthetic language where words are formed by combining morphemes while maintaining their individual meanings.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

a variant phonetic form of a morpheme, does not change the meaning of the morpheme but does change the sound and spelling.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization.

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a quality of language that makes speech or text open to multiple possible interpretations

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

any language that uses specific grammatical words or particles rather than inflection to express syntactic relations within sentences.

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

a morpheme that cannot stand anole as a word and must be attached to another morpheme to form a word

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

a root that cannot occur as a separate word apart from another morpheme

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

a group of words in a language that is limited and rarely accepts new words, ex: determiners or prepositions (usually structure class words)

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

the process of combining multiple stems to create a new word

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

a type of word that connects other words, phrases, or clauses, to create a more complex sentence.

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

a morpheme that expresses a concrete meaning to alter a stem rather than change its grammatical form.

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

a word that possesses semantic content and contributes to the meaning of the sentence they are in. (form class word)

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

the process of creating a new word from existing words by adding, changing or removing morphemes. (derivational morphemes)

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a word that modifies, describes, or introduces a noun (articles, demonstratives, possessive determiners, pronouns, etc.)

Question 17

form

Answer 17

any meaningful unit of speech (morpheme, word, or sentence)

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

morphemes that can function as standalone words without a stem

Question 19

functional word

Answer 19

words that exist to express grammatical relations between other words in a sentence. (function-class words)

Question 20

fusional language

Answer 20

a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously signal several meanings.

Question 21

hierarchical structure

Answer 21

the format of linguistic representations. linguistic structure is organized hierarchically from bigger units from smaller ones.

Question 22

homophony

Answer 22

words/phrases that sound phonologically similar but have different meanings.

Question 23

incorporation

Answer 23

a phenomenon where a word forms a compound while retaining its original meaning.

Question 24

infix

Answer 24

an affix or morpheme that is inserted inside the word stem

Question 25

inflection

Answer 25

the change of form in a word to mark grammatical features

Question 26

input

Answer 26

The exposure learners have to the language they are trying to acquire

Question 27

lexical category

Answer 27

different classes that words can be categorized in based on their grammatical properties

Question 28

lexicon

Answer 28

the collection of words and word elements that make up a language

Question 29

morpheme

Answer 29

the smallest linguistic unit, letters or collections of letters that combine with stems or other morphemes to create new words.

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

a branch of linguistics that studies the internal structure of words and how they are related

Question 31

open lexical category

Answer 31

open word classes that are free to accept new words, often form-class words

Question 32

output

Answer 32

the language created by someone learning a new language

Question 33

partial reduction

Answer 33

a phonological process that involves omitting part of a consonant cluster

Question 34

polysynthetic language

Answer 34

languages that heavily rely on compounding morphemes to convey meaning. highly inflectional compared to other languages.

Question 35

prefix

Answer 35

an affix/morpheme that is placed at the beginning of a word to change its meaning or form.

Question 36

preposition

Answer 36

a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to introduce an object or show direction, time, place, location, or spatial relationships.

Question 37

productive

Answer 37

the degree to which speakers of a language use a particular grammatical process.

Question 38

pronoun

Answer 38

a word or group of words that substitute for a noun or noun phrase.

Question 39

reduplicant

Answer 39

the repeated element of phonological material that affixes to an existing stem in reduplication.

Question 40

reduplication

Answer 40

reduplication involves copying a phonological unit from a base word and affixing it to the existing word to create a new word form.

Question 41

root

Answer 41

either a base word or part of a word to which affixes are added.

Question 42

simultaneous affix

Answer 42

an affix that occurs at the same time as its base

Question 43

stem

Answer 43

a part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning.

Question 44

suffix

Answer 44

an affix that is placed after the stem of a word

Question 45

suppletion

Answer 45

a linguistic phenomenon where a change in the grammatical context of a word changes the word root.