Language Acquisition Module 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Language Acquisition

A
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2
Q

Innateness Hypothesis

A

argues that human language skills are innate.

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3
Q

Language Acquisition Device

A

the instinctive mental capacity that enables children to acquire and produce language. This theoretical concept was expanded into the concept of Universal Grammar.

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4
Q

Universal Grammar

A

a set of structural characteristics shared by all languages.

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5
Q

Theoretical Linguistics

A

a scientific discipline that investigates the conditions and characteristics of well-formed human language

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6
Q

Connectionist models of language

A

artificial models that mimic the structure and functioning of the human central nervous system

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7
Q

Active Construction of a Grammar and Connectionist Theories

A

assumes that children produce words like goed or growed because they have formed a rule that tells them to add -ed to a verb to form the past tense

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8
Q

Critical Period

A

a period during someone’s development in which a particular skill or characteristic is believed to be most readily acquired.

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9
Q

Prelinguistic stage of development

A

babies make noise but cannot form real language

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10
Q

Holophrastic

A

a term used in language acquisition to describe when a single word or gesture is used to express a complex idea

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11
Q

Telegraphic Sentences

A

concise sentences that usually contain 2 words (or the absolute minimum needed to convey meaning)

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12
Q

Function Words

A

words that have little lexical meaning that express grammatical relationships within a sentence

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13
Q

Dependency grammar

A

is the idea that language operations are based on the internal structure of a sentence, not just word order.

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14
Q

Linguistic parameters

A

the general principles and parameters that guide the syntactical structure of language.

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15
Q

Head parameter

A

specifies what position the head is in within language structure, the head can either be first or last.

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16
Q

Economy of derivation

A

is a principle in generative grammar that states that when multiple derivations can produce the same meaning, the most optimal option will be correct.

17
Q

Economy of representation

A

states that the structure of a sentence should be no larger or more complex than required to be grammatically correct.

18
Q

Deep structure

A

the underlying, abstract meaning of a sentence, representing the core semantic relationships between words.

19
Q

Surface structure

A

the actual arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence used to convey underlying meaning (also known as syntax or syntactic structure)

20
Q

Transformation

A

the process in which a sentence’s surface structure is changed, but the deep structure is the same.