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PLS 127 > Morphology & Principles (4/2) > Flashcards

Morphology & Principles (4/2) Flashcards

1
Q

How many whorls are there in a typical flower?

A

4

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2
Q

Receptacle

A

The axis (stem) to which the floral organs are attached

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3
Q

Calyx

A

The outermost whorl in a flower composed of sepals

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4
Q

Corolla

A

The whorl in a flower composed of petals

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5
Q

Androecium

A

The whorl in a flower composed of stamens

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6
Q

Gynoecium

A

The innermost whorl in a flower (typically just a single structure) composed of one or more pistils

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7
Q

Carpel

A

The female reproductive organ, consisting of the ovary, style, and stigma

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8
Q

Pistil

A

A single structure within the gynoecium. They may be simple (consist of a single carpel) or compound (consist of two or more fused carpels)

If there’s one pistil, it could be simple or compound. But if there’s multiple pistils, they are always simple

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9
Q

Tepals

A

Perianth parts not differentiated into calyx and corolla - they may be spirally arranged or in whorls

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10
Q

What if there’s only one perianth whorl present?

A

It’s usually interpreted as the calyx, not the corolla.

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11
Q

Complete flower

A

Has sepals, petals, (or tepals), stamens, and carpels

Pistils consist of carpels

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12
Q

Incomplete flower

A

Lack one or both whorls of perianth, androecium, and/or gynoecium

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13
Q

What are the different types of floral symmetry?

A

Radial/actinomorphic
Biradial
Bilateral
Asymmetric

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14
Q

Radial floral symmetry

Or actinomorphic

A

Has 3 or more planes of symmetry

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15
Q

Biradial floral symmetry

A

Has 2 planes of symmetry

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16
Q

Bilateral floral symmetry

A

Has 1 plane of symmetry

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17
Q

Asymmetrical floral symmetry

A

No planes of symmetry

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18
Q

Anther structure

What does an anther consist of? What is the region between these two constituents called?

A

Consist of two halves called thici (singular theca).

Region between the thici is called the connective

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19
Q

What are the 4 ways anthers dehisce?

A

Longitudinal
Poricidal
Transverse
Valvular

20
Q

Longitudinal dehiscence

A

Longitudinal slits running from tip to tip of the anther

The most common way anthers dehisce

21
Q

Poricidal dehiscence

A

Small pores at the tip of the anther

22
Q

Transverse dehiscence

A

Horizontal slits that run across the width of the anther

23
Q

Valvular dehiscence

A

Pollen is released from hinged openings on the anther

24
Q

Staminodia

A

Sterile stamen

25
Q

Monosulcate pollen

A

Pollen grains that have a single, elongated aperture centered at their equator

Lecture 2 slide 8

26
Q

Tricolpate pollen

A

Pollen grains that have three elongated apertures

Lecture 2 slide 8

27
Q

Tricolporate pollen

A

Pollen grains that have three elongated apertures and three pores

Lecture 2 slide 8

28
Q

Aperture

A

Area of thinner pollen grain wall

29
Q

Locule

A

A chamber or compartment within the ovary that contains the ovules

30
Q

Placentation

A

How the ovules are attached within the ovary

31
Q

Connation

A

Fusion of parts within a whorl (like if carpels are fused together in a pistil)

32
Q

Adnation

A

Fusion of unlike parts between whorls

33
Q

Hypanthium

A

Adnate bases of perianth and stamens forming a floral cup or tube

34
Q

No hypanthium present

Is the flower hypogynous, perigynous or epigynous? Is the ovary superior or inferior?

A

Flower is hypogynous
Ovary is superior

35
Q

Hypanthium present but NOT adnate to ovary

Is the flower hypogynous, perigynous or epigynous? Is the ovary superior or inferior?

A

Flower is perigynous
Ovary is superior

36
Q

Hypanthium present AND adnate to ovary

Is the flower hypogynous, perigynous or epigynous? Is the ovary superior or inferior?

A

Flower is epigynous
Ovary is inferior

37
Q

Floral formula

A

Symmetry, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, fruit type

ex: * , 5 , 5 , 10 , 3 , capsule

38
Q
  • (asterisk) in floral formula
A

Radial or biradial flower symmetry

39
Q

X in floral formula

A

Bilateral flower symmetry

40
Q

Tepals in floral formula

A

Designated by hyphens around a number: - # -

Replaces calyx and corolla numbers since tepals are fused combination of them

41
Q

A circle around a number in floral formula

A

The parts of the whorl are connate (fused)

42
Q

A connecting line between two numbers in floral formula

A

The parts of the whorls are adnate (fused) to one another

43
Q

Line below or above the gynoecium number in floral formula

A

Ovary position - line above is superior, line below inferior

44
Q

A number range in floral formula

A

Variable number of parts

45
Q

∞ sign in floral formula

A

Lots of parts (so many that they don’t bother to count)

46
Q

Monoecious plants

A

Both male and female flowers on the same plant

47
Q

Dioecious plants

A

Male and female flowers on separate plants

PLS 127 (3 decks)

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