Morphology of Teeth

Question 1

I. Basics
1. What is Anatomical crown?

Answer 1

The part of the tooth covered by enamel

Question 2

I. Basics
2. What is Clinical crown?

Answer 2

The part of the tooth visible in the oral cavity

Question 3

I. Basics
3. What is Anatomical root?

Answer 3

The part of the tooth covered by cementum

Question 4

I. Basics
4. What is Clinical root?

Answer 4

The part of the tooth lies within the alveolus

Question 5

I. Basics
5. What is Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)?

Answer 5

The part of the tooth where 2 vital protecting substances (enamel +cementum) meet

Question 6

II. Numbers & Orientations of teeth
1A. What is the number of teeth in adults?

Answer 6

32

Question 7

II. Numbers & Orientations of teeth
1B. In each quadrant, how many teeth are present in adults? What are they?

Answer 7

In each quadrant 8 teeth are present:

1 Central Incisor
1 Lateral Incisor
1 Canine
2 Premolars (bicuspid)
3 Molars (last molar named as Wisdom)

Question 8

II. Numbers & Orientations of teeth
2A. What is the number of teeth in children?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

II. Numbers & Orientations of teeth
2B. In each quadrant, how many teeth are present in adults? What are they?

Answer 9

In each quadrant 5 teeth are present:

1 Central Incisor
1 Lateral Incisor
1 Canine
2 Molars

NO PREMOLARS

Question 10

III. Morphology of teeth
1. Describe Maxillary first (central) permanent incisor

Answer 10

Crown:
The shape is similar to the shovel or chisel

Cervical section:
Circular (also triangular) shape

Root:
1 root – 1 rootcanal

Question 11

III. Morphology of teeth
2. Describe Maxillary second (lateral) permanent incisor

Answer 11

1. Crown:
   It is smaller, but similar to the first incisor. Note: The mesial angle is rounded.
2. Cervical section:
   Flattened in mesiodistal direction (or can be circular shaped).
3. Foramen coecum is on the palatal
4. 1 root – 1 rootcanal

Question 12

III. Morphology of teeth
3. Describe Maxillary permanent canine

Answer 12

1. Crown:
   - Wedge shaped
   - The edges beginning from tip of the cusp divides the vestibular coronal surface into two parts:
   +) 1/3 — smaller part
   +) 2/3 — bigger part
2. Cervical section:
   - Rounded equilateral
3. Root:
   - 1 root – 1 rootcanal
   - It has the longest and strong root (20-22 mm) among the teeth

Question 13

III. Morphology of teeth
4. Describe Mandibular first (central) permanent incisor

Answer 13

1. Crown:
   - Chisel shaped
   - Smallest tooth of the oral cavity!
2. Cervical section: Elliptic
3. Root: 1 root – 1 rootcanal (1/4 contain 2 root canals)

Question 14

III. Morphology of teeth
5. Describe Mandibular second (lateral) permanent incisor

Answer 14

1. Crown: Chisel shaped & bit bigger then the 1st lower incisor.
2. Cervical section: Rectangular with rounded angles
3. Root: 1 root – 1 rootcanal

Question 15

III. Morphology of teeth
6. Describe Mandibular permanent canine

Answer 15

1. Crown:
   - It is similar to the upper canine, but smaller and rounded shaped.
2. Cervical section: Ellipsoid shaped
3. Root: 1 root – 1 root canal
   -> It has the second longest root among the teeth!

Question 16

III. Morphology of teeth
7. Describe Maxillary first premolar (bicuspid)

Answer 16

1. Crown:
   - 2 cups: 1 buccal - 1 palatal
   - Mesial surface is concave!
2. Cervical section: Finger biscuit
3. Root:
   - 2 roots – 2 canals:1 buccal, 1 palatal

Question 17

III. Morphology of teeth
8. Describe Maxillary second premolar (bicuspid)

Answer 17

1. Crown:
   - It is smaller, and similar to the first premolar
   - The cusps are totally the same.
2. Cervical section: Irregularly flattened
3. Root:
   1 root – 1 root canal
   (Rarely it has 2 canals or 2 roots!)

Question 18

III. Morphology of teeth
9. Describe Mandibular first premolar (bicuspid)

Answer 18

1. Crown:
   - 2 cusps – 1 buccal, 1 lingual
   - Buccal cusp bigger than the lingual cusp.
   - The occlusal surface diverges to the lingual surface
2. Cervical section: Irregular flattened shape (in mesiodistal direction)
3. Root: 1 root - 1 canal

Question 19

III. Morphology of teeth
10. Describe Mandibular second premolar (bicuspid)

Answer 19

1. Crown:
   - It is bigger than the lower first premolar.
   - It may have 2 or 3 cusps: 1 buccal cusp - 1 or 2 lingual cusps
2. Root:
   1 root – 1 canal

Question 20

III. Morphology of teeth
11A. Describe the crown of Maxillary first molar

Answer 20

A. 4 cusps
- MB (mesiobuccal)
- DB (distobuccal)
- MP (mesiopalatal)
- DP (distopalatal)

B. MP cusp is the biggest, and it has a special cusp: tuberculum animal carabelli

C. Between MP - DB cusps, there is a protection named as crista transversa

D. DP is the smallest

E. There is foramen coecum on the palatal surface of the tooth

Question 21

III. Morphology of teeth
11B. Describe the root of Maxillary first molar

Answer 21

3 roots – 3 or 4 canals
MB – 1 or 2 canals
DB - 1 canal - it is the weakest root!
P - 1 canal – it is the biggest root!

Question 22

III. Morphology of teeth
12. Describe the Maxillary second molar

Answer 22

1. Crown: It is smaller than the first molar & the shape is variable.
2. Root:
   - 3 root – 3 rootcanal
   - MB
   - DB
   - P

Question 23

III. Morphology of teeth
13. Describe the Maxillary third molar

Answer 23

1. Crown: The shape is variable! 2-6 cusps!
2. Root: Number & form of roots are variable too!

Question 24

III. Morphology of teeth
14A. Describe the crown of mandibular first molar

Answer 24

A. 5 cusps:
MB (mesiobuccal)
DB (distobuccal)
D (distal)
ML (mesiolingual)
DL (distolingual)

B. MB cusp is the largest!
DB cusp is the smallest!

C. Among the cups there are fissures

D. There is foramen coecum on the buccal surface

Question 25

III. Morphology of teeth 14B. Describe the root of mandibular first molar

Answer 25

2 roots - Mesial & distal roots M root – 2 canals: MB, ML canals D root – 1 canal

Question 26

III. Morphology of teeth 15. Describe Mandibular second molar

Answer 26

1. Crown: - 4 cusps: MB, DB, ML, DL - There are 2 fissures, they are perpendicular to each other. - There is foramen coecum is on the buccal surface. 2. Root: - 2 roots: Mesial & Distal roots - M root – 1 or 2 canal(s) - D root – 1 canal

Question 27

III. Morphology of teeth 16. Describe Mandibular third molar

Answer 27

1. Crown: - Smaller than the lower second molar. - Sometimes it has 4 or 5-6 cusps. 2. Root: - Usually it has 2 roots: Mesial & Distal roots, or sometimes it can have 1-4 roots!